1

1. In a scientific investigation, it is impossible to prove something is TRUE. TRUE

2. A scientist uses a theory about tropical bird migration to explain the migration of a closely related species of temperate (non-tropical) bird. This is an example of
A. Inductive Reasoning
B. Reductive Reasoning
C. Deductive Reasoning
D. Outductive Reasoning
E. None of the above

3. Which of the following statements about the process of science is FALSE?
A. A good scientist is always trying to disprove their hypotheses.
B. A scientifically valid hypothesis must be testable
C. A good hypothesis lacks predictive abilities
D. A hypothesis that is not supported by data may be modified and retested in further experiments
E. All of the above statements about the process of science are TRUE

4. After you develop a hypothesis, what is usually the next step
A. Revise the hypothesis
B. Perform experiments to test the hypothesis
C. Publish the hypotheses
D. Debate the validity of the hypothesis with other scientists
E. None of the above

5. O16 and O18 differ in the number of:
A. Protons B. Electrons C. Neutrons D. Protons + Neutrons

6. The configuration of ________ in an atom is what determines the number an nature of bonds that an atom can form
A. Protons B. Electrons C. Neutrons D. None of the above

7. Which of the bond types below is the weakest?
A. Covalent B. Ionic C. Hydrogen
D. All of the above bond types are of equal strength

8. Why don’t oil and water mix?
A. Water is hydrophillic and oil is hydrophobic
B. Oil is less dense, so it floats to the top
C. Oil is more dense, so it sinks to the bottom
D. Carbon and hydrogen form polar bonds
E. None of the above

9. Which of the below bonds is the least polar?
A. O–H     B. N–H      C. C–H      D. C–O

10. Water’s general tendency to defy gravity and naturally flow up a glass tube is known as:
A. Capillary Action     B. Surface Tension
C. Heat of Vaporization     D. Heat of Fusion
E. None of the above

11. The formation of a peptide bond is an example of:
A. Peptolysis    B. Condensation
C. Hydrolysis    D. Deconstruction
E. None of the above

Use the key below to answer questions 12 to 16. Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A. Proteins    B. Lipids    C. Nucleic Acids    D. Polysaccharides

12. Cholesterol is an example of this molecule B
13. Most enzymes are composed of this type of molecule A
14. Starch, chitin, and cellulose are examples of this type of molecule   D
15. These are the primary constituents of plasma membranes    B
16. The monomer of this molecule is composed of a phosphate group, a ribose sugar, and a nitrogenous base   C

17. The arrangement of actin subunits in a microfilament is an example of protein:
A. Primary Structure     B. Secondary Structure
C. Tertiary Structure     D. Quaternary Structure

18. The total entropy of the universe is ALWAYS increasing
A. True     B. False

19. The formation of a protein is an example of an _________ reaction that _______ free energy from its surroundings
A. Endergonic; absorbs     B. Exergonic; absorbs
C. Endergonic; releases     D. Exergonic; releases

20. The molecule ATP is most similar to which molecule?
A. A nucleotide     B. A monosaccharide
C. An amino acid     D. Glycerol

21. When a molecule of ATP is hydrolyzed, what usually happens to the phosphate group (Pi)?
A. It is converted to a sulfur group (Si)
B. It is consumed in the release of energy
C. It is released into the cytoplasm
D. It becomes temporarily bound to one of the substrates
E. None of the above

22. What would you expect to be the temperature optimum of an enzyme in your body?
A. 0ºC (32ºF)    B. 25ºC (77ºF)    C. 37ºC (98.6ºF)    D. 41ºC (106ºF)

23. Which of the following statements about enzymes is FALSE?
A. Enzymes are not consumed in a reaction, but usually form an enzyme-substrate complex
B. Enzymes lower the activation of both the forward and reverse reactions
C. Non-competitive inhibitors alter the configuration of an enzyme by binding to the active site
D. Feedback inhibition is a common way to regulate enzyme activity
E. All of the above statements about enzymes are TRUE

24. Which of the following statements about enzymes are FALSE?
A. Enzymes are sensitive to temperature and pH
B. Enzymes are usually proteins, but examples of catalytic RNA are also known
C. There may be more than one binding site on an enzyme
D. Increasing the concentration of an enzyme will always increase the reaction rate
E. All of the above statements about enzymes are TRUE

I threw out this question (everyone got credit on it). Choice D was supposed to read: "Increasing the concentration of SUBSTRATE will always increase the reaction rate" which was false (enzymes can saturate). Unfortunately, I wrote it wrong and while it was still a valid question, I just decided to give up and award everyone credit.

25. You would expect the pH optimum of an enzyme that breaks down proteins in the stomach to be ______ an enzyme that dissolves CO2 in the blood
A. greater than   B. less than   C. the same as

26. In the conversion of threonine to isoleucine (the example shown for feedback inhibition), when isoleucine concentration is high:
A. Isoleucine will bind to the active site of the enzyme, shutting it down
B. Isoleucine will bind to the allosteric site of the enzyme, shutting it down
C. Isoleucine will bind to the active site of the enzyme, turning it on
D. Isoleucine will bind to the allosteric site of the enzyme, turning it on
E. All of the above statements are FALSE

27. ATP is very stable and may be stored in the cell for days
A. True   B. False

28. All of the below structures are found in all cells EXCEPT:
A. Nuclear material     B. Plasma membrane
C. Endoplasmic Reticulum      D. Cytoplasm
E. All of the above are found in all cells

Matching - Use the key below to match the descriptions in questions 29 to 32 with the appropriate cell type(s). Answers may be used once, more than once, or not at all.

A. Prokaryotes    B. Archaeans    C. Eukaryotes     D. A & B    E. A, B, & C

29. The most ancient type of cell    A
30. Lacks membrane-bound organelles    D
31. Possesses nuclear material    E
32. Usually found in extreme environments    B

33. Which of the following is NOT a function of the cytoskeleton?
A. Maintain cell shape    B. Movement
C. Anchor organelles D   . Intracellular transport
E. All of the above are functions of the cytoskeleton

34. Cilia and flagella:
A. are usually involved in cellular movement
B. are composed of a 9+2 arrangement of microtubules
C. are the same thing - cilia are smaller and more numerous than flagella
D. A & B
E. A, B, & C

35. Which of the following statements about the nuclear membrane is FALSE?
A. Is not continuous with the Endoplasmic Reticulum and the rest of the endomembrane system
B. Is primarily composed of phospholipids
C. Is highly porous
D. Is a double membrane
E. All of the above statement about the nuclear membrane are TRUE

36. What is the function of nucleoli?
A. They are involved in protein synthesis    B. They are involved in lipid synthesis
C. They are involved in ribosome synthesis    D. They are involved in cellular division
E. None of the above

37. Which of the following is NOT part of the endomembrane system?
A. Rough ER     B. Smooth ER
C. Lysosome     D. Chloroplast
E. Central Vacuole

38. Which of the following organelles is involved in finishing and packaging proteins for secretion?
A. Rough ER      B. Smooth ER
C. Golgi Apparatus      D. Peroxisomes
E. None of the above

39. Where is the matrix of a mitochondria located?
A. The matrix is actually the outer membrane
B. The matrix is actually the inner membrane
C. The matrix is located in the space between the outer and inner membranes
D. The matrix is located in the space enclosed by the inner membrane
E. None of the above

40. Which of the following is NOT evidence used to support the endosymbiosis theory of mitochondrial and chloroplast origin?
A. Mitochondria and chloroplasts contain DNA similar in structure to prokaryotes
B. Mitochondria and chloroplasts synthesize proteins
C. The ribosomes in mitochondria and chloroplasts are more similar bacterial forms
D. Mitochondria and chloroplasts divide is process similar to binary fission
E. All of the above support the endosymbiosis theory of mitochondrial and chloroplast origin

41. Which of the following is NOT a component of the fluid mosaic model of membranes?
A. Membranes are a bilayer composed primarily of phospholipids
B. Other lipids, such as cholesterol, and proteins, are found in a membrane
C. Membrane proteins are fluid, so over time, there will be a more or less uniform distribution of proteins
D. Membrane proteins may be integral or peripheral
E. All of the above are components of the fluid mosaic model of membranes

42. Which of the following statements about phospholipids is FALSE?
A. Phospholipids are a type of steroid
B. Phospholipids are amphipathic
C. Phospholipids have a polar head and a non-polar tail
D. Phospholipids may be saturated or unsaturated
E. All of the above statements about phospholipids are TRUE

43. A integral protein will typically have:
A. All hydrophobic R-groups
B. Mostly hydrophilic R-groups
C. Alpha helices composed of mostly hydrophobic R-groups
D. Beta pleated sheets composed of mostly hydrophobic R-groups
E. None of the above

44. A phospholipid in a membrane may easily move laterally. However, a “flip-flop” move (i.e. a move from the outer to inner face of a membrane) is much more difficult
A. True     B. False

45. In the ABO blood system, a person with blood type AB+ can accept blood from which of the following donors?
A. O+     B. A+      C. B+      D. B & C      E. A, B, & C

46. Which of the following molecules would have the lowest rate of diffusion across a plasma membrane?
A. Water      B. O2 C.      CO2       D. H+     E. All of the above would diffuse at the same rate

47. The contents of a plant central vacuole are usually _______ to the surrounding water
A. Hypertonic     B. Hypotonic     C. Isotonic

48. You have a 100mM solution of glucose and a 110 mM solution of fructose separated by a semi-permeable membrane. What will happen?
A. Water will flow from the glucose solution to the fructose solution
B. Water will flow from the fructose solution to the glucose solution
C. There will be no net flow of water

49. Which of the following modes of crossing a membrane require a protein carrier?
I. Diffusion II. Osmosis III. Facilitated diffusion IV. Active Transport

A. I & II      B. III     C. IV      D. III & IV      E. I, II, III, & IV

50. Which of the following statements about the Na+/K+ pump is FALSE?
A. ATP energy is required to pump Na+ out of the cell
B. The pump is an antiport
C. The configuration of the protein comprising the pump is static - there are no conformation changes
D. K+ is pumped into the cell
E. All of the above statements about the Na+/K+ pump are TRUE.

Extra Credit Extra Credit Extra Credit Extra Credit Extra Credit Extra Credit Extra Credit Extra Credit

51. How does glucose enter a cell?
A. It diffuses through the plasma membrane
B. It must enter via a carrier protein, but this is still a passive process
C. It must be actively pumped into the cell
D. It enters through a symport with H+
E. None of the above

52. Which of the following statements about ribosomes is FALSE?
A.. Ribosomes are the site of protein synthesis
B. Ribosomes may be bound to the ER or may be floating free in the cytoplasm
C. Ribosomes are found in the mitochondria
D. Ribosomes have two subunits, a large subunit and a small subunit
E. All ribosomes in a eukaryotic cell are identical.

53. Which of the following changes to a membrane will reduce membrane fluidity?
A. Increase the saturation of the fatty acid chains in your phospholipids
B. Increase the concentration of cholesterol in a plasma membrane
C. Decrease the length of the fatty acid chains in your phospholipids
D. A & B
E. A, B, & C

54. Which of the below is capable of moving molecules across a plasma membrane down their concentration gradient?
A. Diffusion     B. Facilitated Diffusion     C. Active Transport    D. B & C     E. A, B, & C