Exam IV Samples - as always, the numbers are meaningless

43. Which of the following is NOT a function of the circulatory system?
A. Thermoregulation 
B. Waste removal
C. Respiration 
D. Nutrition
E. All of the above are functions of the circulatory system

44. What system is tightly linked with the circulatory system to perform cellular communication?
A. Endocrine system 
B. Nervous system
C. Respiratory system 
D. Muscular system
E. None of the above

Use the key below to answer questions 45 to 47:
A. Arteries   B. Veins   C. Capillaries   D. None of the above

45. This type of blood vessel has valves to prevent backflow  B
46. This type of blood vessel can become leaky to cause inflamation in an immune response  C
47. This type of blood vessel always carries oxygenated blood   D

48. When you inhale, your diaphragm _________. Air flow is _________.
A. Contracts, passive 
B. Contracts, active
C. Relaxes, passive 
D. Relaxes, active

49. Which of the following is the correct pathway that blood takes through the heart to oxygenate blood?
A. Vena cava - Right Atrium - Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Vein - Lungs - Pulmonary Artery - Left Atrium - Left Ventricle - Aorta
B. Vena cava - Left Atrium - Left Ventricle - Pulmonary Vein - Lungs - Pulmonary Artery - Right Atrium - Right Ventricle - Aorta
C. Vena cava - Right Atrium - Right Ventricle - Pulmonary Artery - Lungs - Pulmonary Vein - Left Atrium - Left Ventricle - Aorta
D. Vena cava - Left Atrium - Left Ventricle - Pulmonary Artery - Lungs - Pulmonary Vein - Right Atrium - Right Ventricle - Aorta
E. None of the above

50. Where is the concentration (partial pressure) of oxygen the highest?
A. In the air 
B. In the alveolar capillaries
C. In the heart 
D. In the interstitial fluid

51. How is the majority of CO2 produced by cells returned to the lungs?
A. Bound to hemoglobin 
B. Dissolved in the plasma
C. Converted to HCO3- 
D. By the leucocytes

52. The function of the epiglottis is to: 
A. prevent food from traveling down the bronchi to the lungs
B. to aid in speech 
C. to keep the bronchi from collapsing 
D. facilitate gas exchange in the lungs 
E. None of the above

53. Trace the flow of food through the digestive system
A. Mouth - Esophagus - Stomach - Large Intestine - Small Intestine - Rectum - Anus
B. Mouth - Stomach - Esophagus - Large Intestine - Small Intestine - Rectum - Anus
C. Mouth - Esophagus - Stomach - Small Intestine - Large Intestine - Anus - Rectum
D. Mouth - Esophagus - Stomach - Small Intestine - Large Intestine - Rectum - Anus
E. None of the above

Matching - match the organ on the right with the mode of digestion on the left 
A. Chemical digestion and absorption only
B. Chemical digestion only
C. Mechanical and chemical digestion
D. Absorption and compaction
E. None of the above

54. Mouth  C
55. Stomach   C
56. Small Intestine  A
57. Large Intestine    D

58. What is the function of bile?
A. Digest proteins 
B. Hydrolyze fats
C. Emulsify fats 
D. Absorb carbohydrates 

59. Which organ of the digestive system has the greatest surface area?
A. Esophagus 
B. Small Intestine
C. Large Intestine 
D. Stomach

60. Which is NOT a function of the liver?
A. detoxification of blood 
B. destruction of old erythrocytes 
C. production of bile 
D. storage of glucose as glycogen 
E. All of the above are functions of the liver

61. Which portion of the small intestine is the site of most absorption of nutrients?
A. Duodenum   B. Jejunum   C. Ileum

The answer I was shooting for is B. Jejunum (which is correct).  However, the notes are not as clear as they could have been, so I accepted both answers

62. Place the following sequence in order to best describe an immune response:
I. Activated Helper T-cells secrete chemicals to further activate Cytotoxic T-cells 
II. The pathogen in consumed by a macrophage 
III. Cytotoxic T-cells hunt and destroy the pathogen
VI. The macrophage forms an antigen-MHC complex , becoming an antigen-presenting cell
V. The body in invaded by a pathogen
IV. The Helper T-cells and Cytotoxic T-cells with complementary receptors become activated by binding to the antigen-MHC complex of the macrophage

A. I, II, III, IV, V, VI 
B. V, II, IV, VI, I, III
C. V, II, VI, IV, I, III 
D. V, IV, VI, II, I, III 

This is the question I had to throw out because, like a dumbass, I had my Roman numerals backwards (it goes 1, 2, 3, 6, 5, 4).  The answer C is correct the way it is written.  Everyone got full credit for this if you bubbled in C like I told you to at the beginning of class.

63. Which of the following statements about the skin is FALSE?
A. The skin is dead 
B. The skin has a high pH
C. The skin has mucous and secretes enzymes that break down bacteria
D. The skin harbors numerous harmless bacteria
E. All of the above statements of the skin are TRUE

64. What is a phagocyte?
A. A cell that produces antibodies 
B. A cell that can “eat” pathogens
C. A cell that kills a specific pathogen 
D. A helper cell 
E. None of the above

65. What do antibodies do?
A. Hunt down and kill specific pathogens 
B. Bind to specific pathogens, marking them for other cells and inhibiting their growth
C. Bind to any non-self cell, killing them
D. Bind to any non-self cell, marking them for other cells
E. None of the above

66. Which of the following is NOT a function of interleukins?
A. Interleukins secreted by Helper T-cells can increase the rate of cell division of B cells
B. Interleukins secreted by Helper T-cells can increase the rate of cell division of cytotoxic T cells
C. Interleukins can increase body temperature
D. Interleukins can perforate the plasma membranes of pathogens
E. All of the above are functions of interleukins

67. If all of your helper T-cells were destroyed, you would be unable to fully activate your Cytotoxic T-cells, but you could still fully activate your B-cells.
A. True   B. False

68. Your immune response time is slow when you are fist invaded by a pathogen. However, if you are later invaded by the same pathogen, your immune response time is much faster. This is due to the presence of:
A. Memory cells 
B. Effector T-cells
C. Antibodies 
D. Antigen-presenting cells

69. An agonist is a chemical that binds to a receptor and induces a biological response. An antagonist blocks (inhibits) the actions of an agonist.
A. True   B. False

70. What is a main function of the cerebellum?
A. Center of learning 
B. Control heartbeat and breathing
C. Smoothing out movements 
D. Seat of conscious thought

71. Which of the following regulates your body’s homeostatic mechanisms for temperature, pH, and blood chemistry?
A. Thalamus 
B. Hypothalamus
C. Pons 
D. Medulla Oblongata

72. Which lobe of the brain is primarily responsible for receiving and processing visual information?
A. Frontal lobe 
B. Parietal lobe
C. Temporal lobe 
D. Occipital lobe

73. Which of the following is NOT a function of the nervous system?
A. Control conscious movement
B. Receive sensory input from internal and external environments 
C. Integrate the input 
D. Respond to stimuli
E. All of the above are functions of the nervous system

75. During depolarization of a neuron:
A. Potassium channels open up, allowing potassium (K+) to enter the cell
B. Potassium channels open up, allowing potassium (K+) to leave the cell 
C. Sodium channels open up, allowing sodium (Na+) to enter the cell
D. Sodium channels open up, allowing sodium (Na+) to leave the cell

76. In which direction does an impulse travel down a neuron?
A. Down the dendrites to the axon   B. Down the axon to the dendrites 

43. Arteries ALWAYS carry blood away from the heart

A. True B. False

A. Vena cava B. Pulmonary Artery C. Pulmonary vein D. Aorta

A. A reaction center  B. hemoglobin  C. myoglobin  D. oxysome  E. none of the above

A. Inhalation is caused by a contraction of the diaphragm
B. Air is actively forced into the lungs when one inhales.
C. Exhalation is caused by a relaxation of the diaphragm
D. All of the above statements about ventilation are TRUE

A. pharynx B. larynx C. epiglottis D. bronchi E. alveoli

Which blood vessel carries blood from the right ventricle to the lungs?

A. Vena cava
B. Pulomary Artery *
C. Pulmonary vein
D. Aorta

A. True
B. False *

A. Arteries
B. Arterioles
C. Capillaries
D. Veins *

A. The right side *
B. The left side
C. The middle

A. Systole *
B. Parastole
C. Diastole
D. Eustole
E.  Filet of sole

A. Erythrocytes
B. Leucocytes
C. Platelets *
D. Macrophages

A. prevent food from traveling down the bronchi to the lungs *
B. to aid in speech
C. to keep the bronchi from collapsing
D. facilitate gas exchange in the lungs
E. none of the above

A. pharynx
B. larynx
C. epiglottis
D. bronchi
E. alveoli *

A. The concentration of CO₂ in the blood is lower than that of the surrounding tissues
B. A small percentage of CO₂ can bind to hemoglobin
C. CO₂ reacts with a water molecule to form carbonic acid, which dissociates to form a bicarbonate ion
D. Carbonic anhydrase catalzyes the reaction of CO₂ and water to form carbonic acid
E. All of the above statements about CO₂ transport in the blood are TRUE? *

Which of the organs below has the greatest internal surface area?

A. Mouth
B. Stomach
C. Small Intestine *
D. Large Intestine