Also note: there are no answers given on purpose - if you absolutely can't figure something out, you can email me.

True - False: For questions 1-7, bubble in (A) for TRUE and (B) for FALSE

1. Plant cells contain mitochondria
2. Cholesterol is not found in the plasma membrane
3. An enzyme catalyzes the forward and the reverse reaction
4. Free energy is released in an endergonic reaction
5. All life on earth can perform glycolysis
6. Rubisco has more affinity for  CO₂  than for O₂ .
7. Phospholipids may easily "flip flop" from one side of the plasma membrane to the other side

8. Which of the following is not a basic property of life?

    A. Order    B. Reproduction    C. Homeostasis    D. Evolutionary Adaptation  E. All of the above are basic properties of life

9. What stage of aerobic respiration produces the most ATP?

    A. Glycolysis
    B. The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
    C. The Kreb's Cycle
    D. Electron transport phosphorlyation

11. Which of the following statements about the process of science is FALSE?

    A. A scientific hypothesis can be proven to be false
    B. A good hypothesis is (or can be written as) an "if-then" statement
    C. Scientists perform experiments to test their hypothesis
    D. Based upon the results of their experiments, scientists modify and repeat their experiments
    E. All of the above are TRUE

14. An atom has an atomic number of 9 and currently possesses 10 electrons. This atom is

    A. an ion
    B. forming a covalent bond
    C. forming a hydrogen bond
    D. electrically neutral
    E. theoretically impossible to exist

15. If you put a fresh-water plant cell in salt water, what will happen to the cell

    A. Water will rush in, causing the cell to burst
    B. Water will rush in, but the cell will not burst because of the cell wall
    C. Water will rush out, causing the cell to shrink away from the cell wall
    D. Water will rush out, causing the cell and the cell wall to shrink
    E. Water will neither rush in nor out

16. Which of the following statements about water is FALSE?

    A. It is a polar molecule capable of forming hydrogen bonds
    B. It can be found in all three states of matter (solid, liquid, gas) under normal earth conditions
    C. Water is less dense as a solid than as a liquid
    D. Water has low cohesive properties and very little surface tension
    E. All of the above statements are TRUE.

18. In a C₄ plant, what enzyme fixes CO₂ in the bundle sheath cell?

    A. PEP Carboxylase     B. Rubisco

19. Which of the following statements about acids is FALSE?

    A. Have a low pH (i.e. less than 7)
    B. Are chemicals which can donate H+
    C. Can be neutralized by a base
    D. Do not affect enzyme activity
    E. All of the above statements are TRUE

20. Which of these statements is FALSE

    A. Facilitated diffusion allows diffusion of large, membrane insoluble compounds such as sugars and amino acids
    B. Facilitated diffusion carrier proteins are highly selective
    C. Facilitated diffusion allows molecules to be moved against their concentration gradient
    D. Facilitated diffusion carrier proteins are fully reversible

21. Which of the following statements about ribosomes is FALSE?

    A. Ribosomes are the "factories" of the cell involved in protein synthesis
    B. Ribosomes may either be free or bound to ER
    C. Ribosomes are made up of two subunits, the large subunit and the small subunit
    D. The ribosomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes are identical
    E. ALL of the above statements are TRUE

22. Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory of life?

    A. All organisms are composed of cells
    B. The cell is the structural unit of life - units smaller than cells are not alive
    C. Cells arise by division of preexisting cells - spontaneous generation does not exist
    D. Cells can be cultured to produce more cells
    E. All of the above ARE components of the cell theory of life.

23. Which of the following structures aid in maintaining plant turgor pressure?

    A. chloroplast     B. ribosome      C. lysosome      D.  cell wall    E.  none of the above

24. If you placed two hydrophobic molecules in water, what would happen?

    A. They would form hydrogen bonds with the water
    B. They would tend to aggregate together
    C. Water would hydrolyze

25. Solutions A and B are separated by a semi-permeable membrane that will allow water to flow through, but not large molecules or ions. Solution A has 100 molecules of glucose per ml. Solution B has 100 moecules of NaCl per ml.

    A. Water will move from Solution A to Solution B.
    B. Water will move from Solution B to Solution A
    C. There will be no net movement of water

26. The plasma membrane is composed primarily of what amphipathic molecules?

    A. Phospholipds      B. Polysaccharides      C. Proteins      D. Nucleic Acids

27. Which of the following changes can a cell make to the plasma membrane to increase membrane fluidity?

    A. Increase the saturation of the fatty acids in the plasma membrane
    B. Increase the cholesterol content of the plasma membrane
    C. Produce more unsaturated fats for incorporation into the plasma membrane
    D. None of the above changes will increase membrane fluidity

28. Which of the following statements about noncompetitive inhibitors is FALSE?

    A. noncompetitive inhibitors bind to the active site and interfere with substrate binding
    B. noncompetitive inhibitors alter the conformation of the enzyme
    C. noncompetitive inhibitors are involved in the regulation of metabolism
    D. All of the above statements about noncompetitive inhibitors are TRUE

29. Plasma membrane integral proteins usually contain which of the following domains?

    A. Alpha-helices with many hydrophilic R-groups
    B. Beta pleated sheets with many hydrophilic R-groups
    C. Alpha-helices with many hydrophobic R- groups
    D. Beta pleated sheets with many hydrophobic R- groups

31. Which of the following reaction sequences does NOT produce CO₂?
    A. Glycolysis
    B. The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
    C. The Kreb's Cycle
    D. Alcoholic fermentation
    E. All of the above produce CO₂

32. A plant cell vacuole contains twice as many dissolved solutes as the surrounding medium. We say that the surrounding medium is ________ to the plant cell vacuole

    A. hypertonic     B. hypotonic     C. isotonic

33. When does photorespiration occur?

    A. When oxygen is fixed to RuBP, not carbon dioxide
    B. When oxygen is used in the mitochondria to break down sugars
    C. When water is split to form H⁺, e-, and oxygen gas in the light-dependent reaction
    D. None of the above

34. The nuclear membrane is continuous with the:

    A. plasma membrane
    B. endoplasmic reticulum
    C. Golgi apparatus
    D. mitochondrial membrane

35. Which of the following statements about the Na⁺/K⁺ pump is FALSE?

    A. ATP energy is required to pump Na⁺ out of the cell
    B. The pump only works when cellular [K⁺] is low and [Na⁺] is high
    C. The pump is an antiport
    D. The configuration of the protein comprising the pump is static - there are no conformation changes
    E. All of the above statements about the Na⁺/K⁺ pump are TRUE.

36. Which of the following is NOT found in prokaryotic cells?

    A. RNA     B. plasma membrane     C. cytoplasm  D. mitochondria

37. Enzymes function by

    A. Adding energy to the system
    B. being consumed in the chemical reaction
    C. Lowering the activation energy of the reaction
    D. Increasing the amount of free energy in
    E. None of the above the system

38. To release energy from ATP, the cell typically

    A. Breaks the terminal phosphate bond
    B. Breaks off all three bound phosphates
    C. Breaks the bond between the Adenine base and the ribose sugar
    D. Completely hydrolyzes the molecule in the Kreb's Cycle

39. A covalent bond:

    A. is held together due to differences in charge
    B. is unstable in water and usually dissolves
    C. is the type of bond holding NaCl together
    D. holds two strands of DNA together
    E. none of the above

40. C¹² differs from C¹⁴ because

    A. C¹⁴ has two more protons than C¹²
    B. C¹⁴ has two more neutrons than C¹²
    C. C¹⁴ has two more electrons than C¹²
    D. C¹⁴ can form two more bonds than C¹²
    E. None of the above

41. Which of the following statements about active transport is FALSE?

    A. Active transport proteins usually transport molecules against a concentration or electrochemical gradient
    B. Active transport mechanisms are used to pump specific compounds in or out of the cell
    C. Active transport does not require energy
    D. Active transport proteins are highly selective
    E. All of the above statements about active transport are TRUE

42. Which of the following is involved in protein synthesis?

    A. rough endoplasmic reticulum
    B. smooth endoplasmic reticulum
    C. lysosome
    D. central vacuole

44. What would you expect to be the pH optimum of a digestive enzyme found in your stomach?

    A. pH 4     B. pH 7     C. pH 9     D. pH 12

46. From where does p680 replenish its lost electron?

    A. CO₂     B. O₂  C. H₂O     D. p700     E. it is never lost

47. Cyclic photophosphorylation:

    A. Involves photosystem II (p680)
    B. Allows the chloroplast to make ATP without NADPH
    C. Does not require energy from a photon
    D. Has the lost electron replaced by an electron from water
    E. None of the above

48. Which of the following statements about the Calvin-Benson Cycle is FALSE?

    A. The reactions of the Calvin-Benson Cycle occur in the stroma
    B. Rubisco is the enzyme responsible for fixing CO₂ in the Calvin-Benson Cycle
    C. A glucose molecule is produced for every three "turns" of the cycle (i.e. three CO₂'s are brought in and fixed)
    D. Reaction is fueled by the ATP and the NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions
    E. All of the above statements are TRUE

49. Which of the following things could you do to decrease the rate of diffusion of a dye in a gel?

    A. Decrease the temperature of the system
    B. Use a different dye with a smaller molecular weight
    C. Put more dye in the well
    D. All of the above will increase the rate of diffusion of dye in a gel

50. Alcoholic Fermentation:

    A. Occurs in oxygen-starved muscle cells during a strenuous workout
    B. Converts pyruvate to lactic acid and produces 2 ATP's
    C. Converts NADH to NAD⁺
    D. Can cause dangerous buildups of CO₂ in muscle cells
    E. None of the above