True

True - False: For questions 1-5, bubble in (A) for TRUE and (B) for FALSE
1. Plant cells contain mitochondria TRUE
2. Cholesterol is found in the plasma membrane TRUE
3. An enzyme catalyzes the forward and the reverse reaction TRUE
4. All life on earth can perform glycolysis TRUE
5. Rubisco has more affinity for O2 than for CO2.FALSE

6. In living organisms, 96% of matter is composed of four elements. Which of the choices below is NOT one of these elements?
A. Carbon B. Sodium
C. Nitrogen D. Oxygen
E. Hydrogen

7. The Profiler looks at the clues at a crime. She then matches these clues to well-established psychological models to generate a profile of the killer. This is an example of:
A. inductive reasoning B. deductive reasoning

8. Which of the below is now thought to be the explanation of why giraffes have long necks?
A. to eat leaves on the tops of branches (where others can't reach)
B. to use in ritualistic combat for mates
C. to better see predators
D. none of the above

9. Which of the following statements about the process of science is FALSE?
A. A scientific hypothesis can be proven to be true
B. A good hypothesis is (or can be written as) an "if-then" statement
C. Scientists perform experiments to test their hypothesis
D. Based upon the results of their experiments, scientists modify and repeat their experiments
E. All of the above are TRUE

10. What type of reaction will form a bond between two monomers to form a polymer?
A. condensation B. reduction
C. hydrolysis D. polymerization
E. none of the above

11. In a reduction-oxidation reaction, a substance that loses electrons is:
A. oxidized B. reduced

12. A polymer composed of amino acids is better known as a:
A. polysaccharide B. protein
C. nucleic acid D. lipid

13. The molecule to the right
is what type of molecule?

A. polysaccharide
B. protein
C. nucleic acid
D. lipid

14. All of the following are properties of living organisms EXCEPT:
A. Order B. Reproduction C. Homeostasis D. Evolutionary Adaptation
E. All of the above are basic properties of life

15. The theory of chemical evolution proposed by Oparin and Haldane included many conditions which must have been met for chemical evolution to occur. Which of the below is NOT one of these conditions?
A. Small, carbon-containing compounds like formaldehyde (H2CO) and hydrogen cyanide (HCN), must be formed
B. Small molecules react, forming sugars, amino acids, and nitrogenous bases
C. Small molecules of prebiotic soup link together to form nucleic acids and proteins.
D. A single molecule acquires the ability to self-replicate, becoming the first living entity and marking the end of chemical evolution, beginning of biological evolution.
E. ALL of the above are conditions of the Oparin-Haldane model of chemical evolution

16. Which of the following reactants are thought by scientists to have combined to produce formaldehyde and cyanide, the first reduced-carbon products?
A. atmospheric molecules: NH3, CO2, N2, H2O
B. energy from sunlight
C. energy from heat
D. A and B are correct.
E. A and C are correct

17. Which of the below statements best represents one major problem in the chemical evolution of proteins:
A. amino acids can be formed in outer space
B. amino acids are chiral - however only left-handed forms are used in biological systems
C. peptide bond formation can be catalyzed by clays
D. NONE of the above are major problems in the chemical evolution of proteins

18. The atmospheric conditions used in Stanley Miller's experiments are what most scientists think were present in the early earth's atmosphere
A. True B. False

19. Place the following steps in order for a G-protein-linked receptor sequence

I. A signal molecule binds to a receptor on the plasma membrane
II. The GTP bound to the G-protein is hydrolyzed to GDP, inactivating the G-protein
III. A molecule of GTP displaces a molecule of GDP on the G-protein
IV. An activated G-protein binds to a nearby enzyme, altering the enzyme configuration, thereby altering the enzyme's function
V. The G-protein-linked receptor molecule activates a nearby G-protein

A. I, III, V, II, IV B. V, III, IV, I, II
C. I, II, III, IV, V D. I, V, III, IV, II

20. If you put a fresh-water plant cell in salt water, what will happen to the cell
A. Water will rush in, causing the cell to burst
B. Water will rush in, but the cell will not burst because of the cell wall
C. Water will rush out, causing the cell to shrink away from the cell wall
D. Water will rush out, causing the cell and the cell wall to shrink
E. Water will neither rush in nor out

Oops, in my haste to get the answers up, I made a mistake when I originally posted the answer. The correct answer is "C"

21. Which of the following is NOT a component of the cell theory of life?
A. All organisms are composed of cells
B. The cell is the structural unit of life - units smaller than cells are not alive
C. Cells can arise by spontaneous generation
D. Cells can be cultured to produce more cells
E. All of the above ARE components of the cell theory of life.

22. The plasma membrane is composed primarily of what amphipathic molecules?
A. Phospholipds B. Polysaccharides C. Proteins D. Cholesterol

23. The nuclear membrane is continuous with the:
A. Golgi apparatus B. mitochondrial membrane
C. plasma membrane D. endoplasmic reticulum

24. The Fluid-Mosaic Model of the plasma membrane contains all of the following characteristics EXCEPT:
A. The membrane is a fluid mosaic of phospholipids and proteins
B. All proteins associated with the plasma membrane are found on the surface
C. The proteins may move laterally about the plasma membrane
D. Membrane regions differ in protein configuration and concentration

25. Which of the following structures aid in maintaining plant turgor pressure?
A. chloroplast B. ribosome C. lysosome D. central vacuole

26. Which of the following statements about ribosomes is FALSE?
A. Ribosomes are the "factories" of the cell involved in protein synthesis
B. Ribosomes may either be free or bound to ER
C. Ribosomes are made up of two subunits, the large subunit and the small subunit
D. The ribosomes of prokaryotes and eukaryotes are identical
E. ALL of the above statements are TRUE

27. Which of the following statements about noncompetitive inhibitors is FALSE?
A. noncompetitive inhibitors bind to the active site and interfere with substrate binding
B. noncompetitive inhibitors alter the conformation of the enzyme
C. noncompetitive inhibitors are involved in the regulation of metabolism
D. All of the above statements about noncompetitive inhibitors are TRUE

28. Which of the following statements about mitochondria is FALSE?
A. Mitochondria contain DNA with functional genes
B. The proteins involved in electron transport phosphorylation are found on the outer membrane of the mitochondria
C. The enzymes involved in the Kreb's cycle are localized in the matrix
D. The pH of the intermembrane space is often lower than the pH of the matrix
E. ALL of the above statements about mitochondria are TRUE

29. Enzymes function by
A. Adding energy to the system B. being consumed in the chemical reaction
C. Lowering the activation energy D. Increasing the amount of free energy in
E. None of the above

Oops, in my haste to get the answers up, I made a mistake when I originally posted the answer. The correct answer is "C"

30. When does photorespiration occur?
A. When oxygen is fixed to RuBP, not carbon dioxide
B. When oxygen is used in the mitochondria to break down sugars
C. When water is split to form H+, e-, and oxygen gas in the light-dependent reaction
D. None of the above

31. Cyclic photophosphorylation:
A. Involves photosystem II (p680)
B. Allows the chloroplast to make ATP without NADPH
C. Does not require energy from a photon
D. Has the lost electron replaced by an electron from water
E. None of the above

32. Which of the following statements about the Calvin-Benson Cycle is FALSE?
A. The reactions of the Calvin-Benson Cycle occur in the stroma
B. PEP Carboxylase is the enzyme responsible for fixing CO2 in the Calvin-Benson Cycle
C. A glucose molecule is produced for every six "turns" of the cycle (i.e. six CO2's are brought in and fixed)
D. Reaction is fueled by the ATP and the NADPH produced in the light-dependent reactions
E. All of the above statements are TRUE

33. If all of the thylakoid membranes were dispupted (i.e. broken open) but all of the enzymes were still intact and functional, could the cell (chloroplast) still manufacture ATP?
A. Yes B. No

(I had to change the wording from "cell" to "chloroplast" because if it said "cell" then the answer would be yes, because the mitochondria could still make ATP. While this would have been the only answer, it would be too much of a trick question)

34. From where does p680 replenish its lost electron?
A. CO2 B. O2 C. H2O D. p700 E. it is never lost

35. Oxygen gas is a _________ to Rubisco.
A. substrate B. competitive inhibitor
C. noncompetitive inhibitor D. enhancer

(I accepted both answers - I was shooting for Comptetative Inhibitor, but technically, oxygen is also a substrate)

36. Which of the following reaction sequences does NOT produce CO2?
A. Glycolysis B. The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
C. The Kreb's Cycle D. Alcoholic fermentation
E. All of the above produce CO2

37. What stage of aerobic respiration produces the most ATP?
A. Glycolysis B. The conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA
C. The Kreb's Cycle D. Electron transport phosphorlyation

38. A C4 plant does not perform the Calvin-Benson Cycle
A. True B. False

39. Alcoholic Fermentation:
A. Occurs in oxygen-starved muscle cells during a strenuous workout
B. Converts pyruvate to lactic acid and produces 2 ATP's
C. Converts NADH to NAD+
D. Can cause dangerous buildups of CO2 in muscle cells
E. None of the above

40. The majority of a plant's ATP is produced:
A. in the chloroplast B. in the cytoplasm during glycolysis
C. in the central vacuole D. in the mitochondria

41. EXTRA CREDIT: In class, you filled out a survey about:
A. The teaching quality at UIC
B. The use of email in your education
C. Drug use among college-aged students
D. Cultural diversity and its role in education
E. We didn't fill out no stinkin' survey in class...