| x3 02 |
30March |
Aquatic environments, fresh water -wetlands, lakes, rivers;
saltwater -ocean; rain is fresh, but most water is in oceans; estuary; overfishing; Lake Michigan -exotic fishes, BOD, Eutrophication |
What fish species were in Lake Michigan 200 years ago? |
| x3 03 |
1
April |
Prairie: what is a prairie? prairie quality? autochthonous or native? native vs. exotic, prairie crayfish as soil builder, prairie management |
How is vegetation height related to precipitation? |
| x3 04 |
3
April |
Behavior: proximate versus ultimate explanations, learned vs innate, fixed action pattern, conditional strategy, game theory, learning, imprinting, can animals think?, deception, migration, altruism, cooperation, kin selection and relatedness, group enforcement |
What is altruism? |
| x3 05 |
6
April |
Population dynamics: models with the variable N, births, deaths, immigration and emigration, census history, mark-recapture, geometric and exponential models, growth rates, logistic growth, abundance cycles, outbreaks |
Calculate r given a population size of 100 in 2000 and 1000 in 2010. |
| x3 06 |
8
April |
Demography: Survival and Reproduction differ according to age, S(x), D(x) and l(x); fecundity, m(x); using life tables, calculating R0, population projection, age structure, total population size, capacity of population to grow, |
If I mark and release 100 fish, and later capture 120 fish, 20 of which are marked estimate the population. |
| x3 07 |
10
April |
Competition and Mutualism: Species interact positively, negatively or not at all as assay by grown together versus results when grown alone, competition versus mutualism, niche describes how species live, the Rhizobium/legume mutualism is responsible for much nitrogen fixation in nature. |
If species A reached 800 per ml & B reaches 1000 when grown alone, but grown together thay reach 800 and 900 per ml, respectively, what is the relationship of these species? |
| x3 08 |
13 April |
Herbivory, Predation, & Parasitism: Relationships where one species benefits itself at anothers expense. The species being consumed will generally have defenses. Plants are source of biological molecules -which are so valuable to other organisms, diseases generally don't kill its host, reducing organisms that prey on herbivores has increased the number of herbivores. |
Sometimes prey and predator show cycles of abundance, explain how you think that works. |
| x3 09 |
15 April |
Species Diversity: Abundant species dominate, but 'keystone' species have greater influence than abundance, Gleason's idea of assemblage, specialist species are tightly linked to particular species, species dependent of humans, succession, measures of diversity- species richness, Simpson index, Shannon-Weaver |
Calculate SR, D and H for the bird community described. |
| x3 10 |
17
April |
Global Change: Impacts of growth in knowlegde of resources extraction and transportation have dramatically impacted the oceans, the surface of the earth and its atmosphere. |
What is the mass of the atmosphere? How much does the oxygen weigh? |
| x3 11 |
20
April |
Ecosystem Energy Flow: light is source of energy, producers
capture light energy, consumers eat other organisms, energy can be
accounted for, NPP = net primary productivity, consumers can be divided
into herbivores, carnivores and decomposers, many organisms get energy
from dead organisms or parts |
Calculate the grams per square meter NNP at Hubbard Brook
from Fig. 54.8 |
| x3 12 |
22
April |
Ecosystem Material Cycles: Elements can be thought of as
being in compartments, each compartment has an input and output rate, body
burden of toxic elements, biomagnification, biogeochemical, recycling
detritus, fungi & bacteria as major decomposers, pumping of nutrients
to surface, carbon cycle, nitrogen cycle |
What do you think are the implications of the information in
Fig. 54.16? How does N get back the atmosphere? |
| x3 13 |
24
April |
Environmental Organizations: People want healthy
environments, Conservation land is owned by all levels of Government, and Non-governmental Organisations (NGO) and private
individuals. TNC and Local Land Trusts promote conservation |
What is an NGO? In what ways are Natural Areas valuable? |
| x3 14 |
27
April |
Our Biological Future: Disaster
prediction has a long history, ecologists have become doomsayers, what is important for
the future of the humanity? money as a distorter of biological values,
democracy may be a problem rather than a solution |
Will global changes result in a very different humanity or just be a blip in a pattern of change? |
| x3 15 |
29
Aprl |
Restoration and Revitalization: Most species are not
dependent on humans, but that does not mean humans do not effect their
future, restoration includes all activities that attempt to 'restore' a
function, regulations attempt to reduce damage, changes in human use, E
& T species, reconstruction versus revitalization |
What is a healthy natural area? |
| Exam 3 |
1 May |
Look for special instruction about exam 3! |
Practice Exam 3 questions |