1 OF 4565
AU Eysenck-Hans-J.
TI Can we study intelligence using the experimental method?
SO Intelligence. 1995 May-Jun Vol 20(3) 217-228.
MJ PSYCHOTICISM. CREATIVITY. PERSONALITY-CORRELATES. STATISTICAL-CORRELATION. INTELLIGENCE.
MN EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN.
ID investigating psychoticism & creativity, implications for combining correlational & experimental approaches.
AB Advocates an extension of correlational investigations of intelligence and creativity by introducing causal theories and experimental study. The combination of correlational and experimental approaches would allow psychology to attain scientific stature. In developing a causal theory to support experimentation, the author posits a connection between creativity and personality psychopathology (psychoticism). (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
2 OF 4565
AU Sherwood-N.
TI Comparative behavioural toxicity of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.
SO Human Psychopharmacology Clinical & Experimental. 1995 Oct Vol 10(Suppl 3) S159-S162.
MJ SEROTONIN. ANTIDEPRESSANT-DRUGS. REACTION-TIME. PHYSIOLOGICAL-AROUSAL. AMITRIPTYLINE.
MN TRACKING. ADULTHOOD.
ID serotonin reuptake inhibitors vs dothiepin vs amitriptyline, CNS arousal & psychomotor speed & skilled performance & sedation, adults, UK.
AB The psychopharmacological profiles of several selective serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT)) reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) were compared and their behavioral toxicity contrasted both to placebo and the tricyclic antidepressants dothiepin and amitriptyline. Research is centered around the use of a preferred test battery derived from an information processing model in double-blind, placebo-controlled, repeated measures, experimental designs, using 12 healthy volunteers. On measures of CNS arousal (critical flicker fusion), psychomotor speed (choice reaction time (RT)), skilled performance (compensatory tracking), and subjective ratings of sedation (line analog rating scales) the tricyclic compounds clearly impaired performance and led to higher ratings of sedation. While the SSRIs were generally clear of these gross effects, there were quantifiable differences between the compounds, seen mainly as an increase in CNS arousal. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
3 OF 4565
AU Leutner-Detlev. Rammsayer-Thomas.
TI Complex trait-treatment-interaction analysis: A powerful approach for analysing individual differences in experimental designs.
SO Personality & Individual Differences. 1995 Oct Vol 19(4) 493-511.
MJ IMPULSIVENESS. ANXIETY. ATTENTION. CRITICAL-FLICKER-FUSION-THRESHOLD. ETHANOL.
MN STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS. ADULTHOOD.
ID impulsiveness & anxiety & alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine &/vs ethanol, CFF, 20-35 yr old males, application of Complex Trait Treatment-Interaction analysis.
AB Examined the effect of impulsiveness and anxiety (personality traits), on alcohol-induced changes in alertness and cortical arousal, to demonstrate the application of Complex Trait Treatment-Interaction (CTTI) analysis. Male students (20-35 yrs old) were subjected to 1 of 4 treatment conditions ( n = 20 per group): Alpha-methyl-para-tyrosine (AMPT) alone, ethanol alone, AMPT and ethanol, and placebo. Measures of cortical flicker fusion (CFF, an indicator of alertness and cortical arousal changes), were recorded. CTTI analysis shows that there was a positive linear relationship between alcohol treatment alone, and impulsiveness. CFF performance was not affected by any personality trait, or their interaction, for placebo, and AMPT alone groups. It is concluded that CTTI is a sensitive statistical procedure for detecting complex-higher order interactions. Methodological problems related to CTTI are discussed. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
4 OF 4565
AU Kadlec-Helena.
TI Multidimensional signal detection analyses (MSDA) for testing separability and independence: A Pascal program.
SO Behavior Research Methods, Instruments & Computers. 1995 Nov Vol 27(4) 442-458.
MJ COMPUTER-APPLICATIONS. PERCEPTUAL-DISCRIMINATION. SIGNAL-DETECTION-PERCEPTION.
ID Pascal program for testing perceptual separability & decisional separability & perceptual independence.
AB A Pascal program for testing perceptual separability, decisional separability, and perceptual independence (3 types of independence defined in the context of general recognition theory (GRT)) is presented. GRT is essentially a multidimensional extension of signal detectability theory and has been employed in complete-identification experimental paradigms to examine whether information processing of stimulus dimensions is perceptually and/or decisionally separable and/or perceptually independent. The definitions of these different forms of 'independence' are provided, the experimental design is described, and the program is described and demonstrated. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
5 OF 4565
AU Streiner-David-L.
TI Stayin' alive: An introduction to survival analysis.
SO Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. 1995 Oct Vol 40(8) 439-444.
MJ EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN. STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS.
ID technique & assumptions of survival analysis studies.
AB Survival analysis (SA) is a technique that can be used to analyze studies where the outcome of interest is time (e.g., readmission to hospital, the next manic episode) and the target event is binary; it either happens or does not. SA has added usefulness because it allows the use of data from Ss who drop out of sight over the course of the follow-up period as well as from those who do not experience the event by the time the study ends. The statistical technique is introduced, and some guidelines for designing follow-up trials are provided. SA studies assume: (1) an identifiable starting point and a common endpoint; (2) loss of Ss to follow-up must be unrelated to the outcome, so that risk is not underestimated; and (3) there must be no secular trend associated to the data because of methodological problems over time. (French abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
6 OF 4565
AU Van-de-Willige-G. Ormel-J. Giel-R.
TI Etiologische betekenis van ingrijpende gebeurtenissen en langdurige moeilijkheden voor het ontstaan van depressie en angststoornissen. / Etiological meaning of severe life events and long-term difficulties in the onset of depression and anxiety.
SO Tijdschrift voor Psychiatrie. 1995 Vol 37(9) 689-703.
MJ ANXIETY-NEUROSIS. MAJOR-DEPRESSION. ETIOLOGY. LIFE-EXPERIENCES. STRESS.
MN THRESHOLDS. ADULTHOOD.
ID threshold value of life events & long term difficulties, etiology & onset of depression &/vs anxiety, adults, Netherlands.
AB Studied the problem of the threshold value of life events and the role of long-term problems as provoking agents or as vulnerability factors in the etiology and onset of anxiety, depression, and mixed anxiety and depression. Human Ss: 296 Dutch people. A case-control experimental design and a contextual interview (Brown and Harris, 1978) were used within the framework of a longitudinal study on the development, diagnosis, and course of psychosocial problems. Tests used: The Present State Examinations. (English abstract) (0 ref) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
7 OF 4565
AU McKinlay-Sonja-M. Stone-Elaine-J. Zucker-David-M.
TI Research design and analysis issues.
SO Health Education Quarterly. 1989 Sum Vol 16(2) 307-313.
MJ HEALTH-PROMOTION. SCHOOLS. EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN.
ID research design & analysis issues in school based health promotion research.
AB Provides a brief history of the evolution of school-based research and presents a perspective on 6 key issues currently challenging the research community: unit of design and analysis, intention-to-treat approach, cross-sectional sampling of units, precision of comparisons, process evaluation, and multiple comparisons. It is argued that researchers of school-based health promotion need to make more progressive use of existing statistical methods to improve both the rigor and the efficiency of school-based experiments. Researchers also need to assemble multidisciplinary teams, including researchers from other fields who are not restricted to the traditional approaches. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
8 OF 4565
AU Crohn-Theodore-Hamilton.
TI Methodology and psychopathology prevalence in research on Crohn's disease.
SO Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering. 1994 Vol 54(9-B) 4912.
MJ GASTROINTESTINAL-DISORDERS. EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN. PSYCHOPATHOLOGY. META-ANALYSIS.
MN ADULTHOOD.
ID research design quality & amount of psychopathology reported, patients with Crohn's disease, meta analysis. ************************************************************************
9 OF 4565
AU Davis-Robert-C. Smith-Barbara.
TI Domestic violence reforms: Empty promises or fulfilled expectations? Special Issue: Responding to violence against women.
SO Crime & Delinquency. 1995 Oct Vol 41(4) 541-552.
MJ FAMILY-VIOLENCE. CRIMINAL-JUSTICE. LAW-ENFORCEMENT. TRENDS.
ID changes in criminal justice for domestic violence, 1967-93.
AB Describes the trends in the ways criminal justice system respond to domestic violence cases (1967-1993). Studies reveal that significant reforms include mandatory arrest policies, no-drop prosecution practices, civil restraining orders, and batterer treatment programs. However, it is unclear whether these reforms are making victims safer from harm or changing batterers' violent behaviors. Research conducted by the National Institute of Justice reveal that mandatory arrest is not an effective public policy. Further, more rigorous experimental designs with random assignment methods are needed on batterers' treatment programs, no-drop prosecution policies, and orders of protection. It is concluded that the criminal justice system remains far from developing a set of tools that work well across a variety of situations in reducing the likelihood of future violence. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
10 OF 4565
TI Oral health for aging veterans: Making a difference: Priorities for quality care research agenda. Conference of the Department of Veterans Affairs, Health Services Research and Development Service's Management Decision and Research Center and Foundation for Health Services Research: Oral health for aging veterans: Making a difference: Priorities for quality care (1993, Washington, DC).
SO Medical Care. 1995 Nov Vol 33(11, Suppl) NS6-NS15.
MJ EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN. DENTAL-TREATMENT. HEALTH. QUALITY-OF-LIFE.
MN MILITARY-VETERANS. PHYSIOLOGICAL-AGING. QUALITY-OF-CARE.
ID research agenda on issues in oral health & quality of life & treatment, aging veterans.
AB Outlines critical issues for a research agenda on oral health for aging veterans. Needs identified include the development of a definition of oral health status; identification of factors that affect access and utilization of VA oral health services; assessment of effects of the use of VA dental services on oral health status; development of a definition of oral health-related quality of life; determination of the relationships among oral health status, oral health-related quality of life, health-related quality of life, and general quality of life; examination of outcomes of alternative treatments; and development of practice guidelines. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
11 OF 4565
AU McGrady-Gene-A. Marrow-Clementine. Myers-Gail. Daniels-Michael. et al.
TI A note on implementation of a random-walk design to study adolescent social networks. Special issue: Social networks and infectious disease: HIV/AIDS.
SO Social Networks. 1995 Jul-Oct Vol 17(3-4) 251-255.
MJ RANDOM-SAMPLING. SOCIAL-NETWORKS. HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS. AT-RISK-POPULATIONS. EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN.
MN ADOLESCENCE.
ID implementation of random walk design for study of social networks & HIV transmission behaviors, 12-15 yr olds.
AB To examine the socioecological context of behaviors pertinent to HIV transmission, a 3-step, 4-node random walk was attempted for each initial respondent of a probability sample of 43 12-15-yr-old boys and girls who resided in a census-tract delimited area. The success rate in identifying and locating named associates was approximately 62%. The response rate of locatable associates exceeded 90%. No systematic item nonresponse or refusal was apparent in the interview process. The major obstacle to implementation was difficulty locating named associates and not, as anticipated, nonresponse or refusal to disclose sensitive information. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
12 OF 4565
AU Liebow-Edward. McGrady-Gene. Branch-Kristi. Mildred-Vera. et al.
TI Eliciting social network data and ecological model-building: Focus on choice of name generators and administration of random- walk study procedures. Special issue: Social networks and infectious disease: HIV/AIDS.
SO Social Networks. 1995 Jul-Oct Vol 17(3-4) 257-272.
MJ SOCIAL-NETWORKS. RANDOM-SAMPLING. HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS. AT-RISK-POPULATIONS. EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN.
MN ADOLESCENCE.
ID choice of name generators & administration of random walk study procedures to elicit social network data, 12-15 yr olds at risk for HIV infection.
AB Reports on how several network data elicitation issues were addressed in developing and implementing the survey instrument in a study of 12-15 yr olds living in settings that may place them at higher risk for HIV infection. A series of 43 and 52 3-step, 4-node walks were completed in Atlanta, Georgia, and San Juan, Puerto Rico, respectively. The issues included elicitation of information concerning adolescents' relationships, attributes and behaviors of named associates, and general administration of study procedures. Several indicators suggest that the procedures were effective in generating the network information across the full range of relational domains in the target population. Analysis of data is intended to specify certain aspects of a socio-ecological model of health interventions by using social network structural properties as indicators of 'interpersonal' and 'institutional'-level variables. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
13 OF 4565
AU Peterson-Linda-M. Burns-William-J. Widmayer-Susan-M.
TI Developmental risk for infants of maternal cocaine abusers: Evaluation and critique.
SO Clinical Psychology Review. 1995 Vol 15(8) 739-776.
MJ EXPERIMENTAL-METHODS. COCAINE. INFANT-DEVELOPMENT. PRENATAL-EXPOSURE. DRUG-USAGE.
MN MOTHERS. INFANTS.
ID methodological issues in studies on maternal intrauterine cocaine use & infant development.
AB Critically reviews 85 exploratory, hypothesis-generating, or hypothesis-confirming animal and human studies of the effects of intrauterine cocaine exposure on the infant. 48 studies were prospective in design and 37 were retrospective. Although many studies interpreted their findings as supportive of the common perception that negative effects of cocaine on the infant have been clearly demonstrated, an examination of methodology used in many of the investigations calls this conclusion into serious question. Methodological issues identified include weaknesses in experimental design, drug detection, subject selection, and analysis and interpretation of results. Although exposure of the fetus to toxic chemicals in utero has been shown to have deleterious developmental effects, the nature and magnitude of these effects, especially with regard to cocaine, remain unclear. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
14 OF 4565
AU Esser-James-K. Marriott-Richard-G.
TI Mediation tactics: A comparison of field and laboratory research.
SO Journal of Applied Social Psychology. 1995 Sep Vol 25(17) 1530-1546.
MJ MEDIATION. EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN.
ID validity of assessment of mediation tactics for dispute settlements in field vs laboratory research, research review.
AB Presents an overview of mediation as a field of study, describes research methods, and discusses the issue of generalizing from laboratory to the field. Field research has involved such methods as self-report, observation of mediators, and field experiments involving manipulation and control of mediator behaviors and circumstances. Most research on when mediators choose to use specific tactics has been field research, but the few laboratory studies have provided comparable results. Both laboratory and field research have been employed to determine the effectiveness of mediation tactics in helping the parties to settle the dispute, and fairly consistent results have been obtained across these settings. It is concluded that laboratory experiments on mediation should not be considered inferior to field research methods but rather should be considered complementary. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
15 OF 4565
AU Stern-Hal-S. Arcus-Doreen. Kagan-Jerome. Rubin-Donald-B. et al.
TI Using mixture models in temperament research.
SO International Journal of Behavioral Development. 1995 Sep Vol 18(3) 407-423. 25060.
MJ EXPERIMENTAL-METHODS. FEAR. PREDICTIVE-VALIDITY. PERSONALITY-THEORY. STATISTICAL-ANALYSIS.
MN ACTIVITY-LEVEL. IRRITABILITY. LONGITUDINAL-STUDIES. CHILDHOOD. INFANTS. STRANGER-REACTIONS. INFANT-DEVELOPMENT.
ID motor activity & irritability at 4 mo of age, mixture model prediction of fear of unfamiliar events, 14 mo olds.
AB Argues for a categorical conceptualization of temperamental characteristics and applies a finite mixture model appropriate to this view to 2 sets of longitudinal observations of infants and young children. This statistical approach provides a good description of the observed predictive relation between behavioral profiles of children at age 4 mo and the degree of behavioral signs of fear at age 14 mo. An advantage of the mixture model approach to this data, relative to more standard approaches to developmental data, is that because it takes into account an a priori theory, it can be used to address improvements and refinements to theories and experimental designs in a straightforward manner. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
16 OF 4565
AU Moller-Jens. Koller-Olaf.
TI Kausalattributionen von Schulleistungen: Reaktive und nicht-reaktive Befragung. / Causal attributions of scholastic achievement: Reactive and nonreactive instructions.
SO Zeitschrift fur Entwicklungspsychologie und Padagogische Psychologie. 1995 Vol 27(3) 268-287.
MJ CAUSAL-ANALYSIS. ACADEMIC-ACHIEVEMENT.
MN JUNIOR-HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS. HIGH-SCHOOL-STUDENTS. ADOLESCENCE.
ID spontaneous & reactive causal attributions of academic performance, 8th-10th grade students, Germany.
AB Studied spontaneous and reactive causal attributions of academic performance among secondary school students. Human Ss: 402 normal male and female German adolescents (8th-10th-grade students) (academic track). In a 4 X 2 X 2 X 2 quasi-experimental design, the following factors were varied: (1) academic subject (mathematics, German, history, and physics); (2) self-concept of academic ability (high vs low); (3) outcome (success vs failure); and (4) assessment method (spontaneous vs reactive). Interactions between these factors and Ss' causal attributions of hypothetical test performances were determined with a multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
17 OF 4565
AU Edwards-Jeffrey-R.
TI Alternatives to difference scores as dependent variables in the study of congruence in organizational research.
SO Organizational Behavior & Human Decision Processes. 1995 Dec Vol 64(3) 307-324.
MJ EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN. METHODOLOGY. ORGANIZATIONAL-BEHAVIOR. PROFILES-MEASUREMENT. STATISTICAL-VARIABLES.
MN ADULTHOOD.
ID problems in use of difference scores & profile similarity indices as dependent variables in organizational research, managers & peers & supervisors & subordinates.
AB In organizational research, difference scores and profile similarity indices are often used as dependent variables in studies predicting the congruence (i.e., fit, match, similarity, agreement) between 2 constructs. However, this practice introduces serious conceptual and methodological problems that render results ambiguous and potentially misleading. The author proposes an alternative procedure that avoids these problems but captures the effects of one or more independent variables on the congruence between 2 dependent variables. This procedure is illustrated by reanalyzing data from a study of feedback seeking and rating accuracy (S. J. Ashford and A. S. Tsui, see PA, Vol 78:28977), which involved reports from 387 managers and their peers, supervisors, and subordinates, regarding managers' effectiveness in various role behaviors and methods used by managers to seek evaluative feedback. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
18 OF 4565
AU Baker-Jeffrey-D. Williamson-Donald-A. Sylve-Connie.
TI Body image disturbance, memory bias, and body dysphoria: Effects of negative mood induction.
SO Behavior Therapy. 1995 Fal Vol 26(4) 747-759.
MJ BODY-IMAGE. BODY-IMAGE-DISTURBANCES. EMOTIONAL-STATES. MEMORY.
MN ADULTHOOD.
ID negative mood induction, body image & recall bias for fatness stimuli, female college students with high vs low body dysphoria.
AB Examined the effects of negative mood induction on body image and recall bias for fatness stimuli in women of normal weight with high body dysphoria. The experimental design contrasted 72 female undergraduates scoring high and low on a measure of body dysphoria. Half of the Ss in each group were administered a negative mood induction procedure. Dependent variables were (1) body size estimation measures, (2) body dysphoria, and (3) recall for fatness, thinness, and depressive words. The negative mood induction resulted in increased body size estimation and body dysphoria. A free recall bias for fatness stimuli was found in Ss high in body dysphoria. Thus, current body size estimation and body dysphoria were found to be reactive to negative mood states, whereas ideal body size and recall for fatness stimuli were not affected by the negative mood state. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved).
19 OF 4565
AU Cropanzano-Russell. Citera-Maryalice. Howes-John.
TI Goal hierarchies and plan revision.
SO Motivation & Emotion. 1995 Jun Vol 19(2) 77-98.
MJ GOALS. FAILURE.
MN ADULTHOOD.
ID goal failure, plan revision, college students.
AB Examined the effects of goal failure on plan revision. In Study 1, 26 undergraduates completed their progress reports and plan revisions on forms that allowed them to change their level 1 GPA goal, their level 2 class goals, and their level 3 goals for future tests or assignments. Results partially supported the hypothesis that when failure occurred at level 3, the Ss raised future goals at the same level rather than lowering to 2nd level goals. In Study 2, a replication of the 1st study, 41 undergraduates participated. Results show that when Ss were unable to achieve level 3 goals they moved up the hierarchy and adjusted their level 1 and 2 goals. In Study 3 a new experimental design was used on 40 undergraduates. Results reveal that individuals reset goals that were most closely linked to the failed goal frequently, reset goals with distant link rarely, and reset the other goals and combinations at chance levels. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
20 OF 4565
AU Gillett-Raphael.
TI The expected power of F and t tests conditional on information from an earlier experiment.
SO British Journal of Mathematical & Statistical Psychology. 1995 Nov Vol 48(2) 371-384.
MJ STATISTICAL-POWER. STATISTICAL-SAMPLE-PARAMETERS. EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN. STATISTICAL-ESTIMATION. PARAMETRIC-STATISTICAL-TESTS.
MN T-TEST. F-TEST.
ID expected statistical power for F & t tests based on prior data as computable methodology for estimation of future sample size.
AB Presents a general framework for power analysis conditional upon data from an initial study that makes it possible for a researcher to choose a sample size for Study 2 that will guarantee a desired level of power for likely effect sizes. A method initially developed by R. Gillett (see PA, Vol 74:14507) for tests based on the z distribution is extended to encompass tests basted on F and t distributions. Three items of information from Study 1 are needed: value of the test statistic, sample size, and degrees of freedom. The sample size that supplies the desired amount of power for Study 2 may be found by entering successive trial values into the appropriate formula until the required level of power is reached. Derivation of the formula, several examples, and common applications are provided. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
21 OF 4565
AU Mulder-Marianne-R. Winkel-Frans-W.
TI De geloofwaardigheid van een slachtoffer tijdens een politieverhoor: Etnische zelfpresentatiestijl en het perspectief van de waarnemer. (The credibility of victims during police interviews: Ethnic self-presentation style and the perspective of the observer.).
SO Nederlands Tijdschrift voor de Psychologie en haar Grensgebieden. 1995 Aug Vol 50(4) 162-170.
MJ CRIME-VICTIMS. RACIAL-AND-ETHNIC-DIFFERENCES. NONVERBAL-COMMUNICATION. LEGAL-INTERROGATION. CREDIBILITY.
MN RAPE. ADULTHOOD.
ID rape victim's race & nonverbal behavior during police interview, perceived credibility, college students vs victim assistance workers vs police officers, Netherlands.
AB Studied the impact of alleged rape victims' nonverbal behavior during a police interview on their perceived credibility. Human Ss: 123 normal male and female Dutch adults (mean age 22 yrs) (undergraduate students) (Study 1). 286 normal male and female Dutch adults (mean age 41 yrs) (victim assistance workers) (White) (Study 2). 170 normal male and female Dutch adults (mean age 41 yrs) (police officers) (White) (Exp 2). In each study, Ss received initial instructions, watched film variants of a police interview with an alleged rape victim, and completed a questionnaire. In Study 1, a victim (Black or White) by nonverbal behavior (Black or White style) by instruction (victim-focused or focused on truth detection) experimental design was used. In Study 2, a victim by nonverbal behavior by group (victim assistance workers or police officers) experimental design was used. A multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) was performed in each study. (English abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
22 OF 4565
AU Heinsman-Donna-Taylor.
TI Effect sizes in meta-analysis: Does random assignment make a difference?
SO Dissertation Abstracts International: Section B: The Sciences & Engineering. 1994 Vol 54(8-B) 4424.
MJ META-ANALYSIS. EFFECT-SIZE-STATISTICAL. EXPERIMENTAL-SUBJECTS. EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN.
ID method of S assignment & affect size, meta analysis. ************************************************************************
23 OF 4565
AU Damper-R-I. Wood-S-D.
TI Speech versus keying in command and control applications.
SO International Journal of Human-Computer Studies. 1995 Mar Vol 42(3) 289-305.
MJ TYPING. ORAL-COMMUNICATION. MAN-MACHINE-SYSTEMS-DESIGN. COMPUTER-APPLICATIONS.
MN ADULTHOOD. COMPUTER-SIMULATION.
ID spoken vs keyed input, computer simulated naval command & control tasks, college students.
AB Conducted 2 experiments comparing speech and keyed input in simulated naval command and control tasks. Experiments were modelled on those of G.K. Poock (1980, 1982), but designed to effect a fair comparison of the input media by keying terse, abbreviated commands for the keying condition. Ss were 12 undergraduates who completed a questionnaire about their attitude to speech input before and after the experiments. In Exp 1 spoken commands were entered as acronyms, and in Exp 2 spoken commands were entered as completed phrases. Results show that speech input is more error-prone than keying. It is concluded that a fair comparison of input data requires an experimental design that attempts to minimize the transaction cycle for each medium. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
24 OF 4565
AU Reid-Penny. Finchilescu-Gillian.
TI The disempowering effects of media violence against women on college women.
SO Psychology of Women Quarterly. 1995 Sep Vol 19(3) 397-411.
MJ EMPOWERMENT. MASS-MEDIA. VIOLENCE. HUMAN-FEMALES.
MN ADULTHOOD.
ID exposure to media violence against women, subjective disempowerment, female college students.
AB Investigated the disempowering effect of exposure to media violence against women on female students. Study 1, involving 284 female students (mean age = 21.3 yrs) described the development and evaluation of two forms of a scale measuring disempowerment. Study 2 examined the effect of media violence using a Solomon Four Group experimental design. 57 female students (mean age = 22.8 yrs) were shown video clips depicting scenes of violence directed either toward female or male victims. Half the Ss completed the first form of the scale, prior to viewing, while all of them completed the 2nd form after viewing. Analysis reveal that completion of the pretest scale did not differentially affect the participants. Results of the main analysis reveal that exposure to media aggression heightened feelings of disempowerment in female viewers. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
25 OF 4565
AU Getting-Sabine. Prove-Ekkehard. Bischof-Jans-Joachim.
TI Sexual imprinting as a two-stage process: Mechanisms of information storage and stabilization.
SO Animal Behaviour. 1995 Aug Vol 50(2) 393-403.
MJ IMPRINTING. ANIMAL-SEXUAL-BEHAVIOR. ANIMAL-REARING. LEARNING.
MN BIRDS.
ID acquisition & consolidation in sexual imprinting, foster reared Zebra & Bengalese finches.
AB Examined the factors that influence the 2 stages of sexual imprinting: acquisition and consolidation. Zebra finch males were reared by Bengalese finch foster parents until 40 days of age, then isolated for 60 days, and exposed to a zebra finch female for 1 hr at Day 100. Thereafter, the birds were isolated for 3 days and then exposed to a Bengalese finch female for another 1 hr. Results show that the influence of the 1st exposure to a zebra finch female correlated positively with the level of arousal of the experimental males. When 1st exposed to a female as adults, the experimental males could learn features of a potential sexual partner and, simultaneously acquired preference was consolidated. This was independent of the appearance of the female. It is concluded that acquisition and consolidation were different processes which could be separated by the appropriate experimental design. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
26 OF 4565
AU Candland-Douglas-K.
TI Reflections from reading the first sentence.
SO Consciousness & Cognition: An International Journal. 1995 Jun Vol 4(2) 248-250.
MJ SELF-PERCEPTION. MIRROR-IMAGE. AWARENESS. EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN.
MN DOLPHINS. PROFESSIONAL-CRITICISM.
ID mirror images & self recognition & experimental design, dolphins, commentary.
AB Discusses the implications of the 1st sentence in the article by K. Marten and S. Psarakos (see PA, Vol 83:10475). Some meanings of the proposal offered by the 1st part of the sentence are considered. The clause that appears to modify the verb 'treat' is analyzed. The 1st sentence is important because it helps to guess the assumptions that produce the hypothesis, which in turn helps to judge whether the experimental design is adequate to solve the question posed. It also aids in evaluating the experiment. Studies of self-recognition must consider several problems of design that are critical to its analysis: First, the need for a control condition; and second, in experiments studying self-recognition, when there is a control, the animal is used as its own control. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
27 OF 4565
AU Brooks-Robert. Caithness-Neil.
TI Female choice in a feral guppy population: Are there multiple cues?
SO Animal Behaviour. 1995 Aug Vol 50(2) 301-307.
MJ ANIMAL-MATING-BEHAVIOR. ANIMAL-COLORATION. ANIMAL-COURTSHIP-DISPLAYS. ANIMAL-MATE-SELECTION.
MN FISHES. BODY-SIZE.
ID male display & coloration & body size & dorsal fin length, female mate selection, feral guppies.
AB Examined the mating behavior in a feral guppy. The experimental design was sensitive to the possibility that females used different criteria to assess males at various stages in the series of behavior patterns between male display and mating. Area of color, body size and lengths of the dorsal fin and intromittent organ were studied as female-choice cues. The males bear carotenoid (orange) and melanin (black) spots and low levels of iridescent and yellow pigment. Results reveal that attractiveness was positively related to the degree of orange coloration in all tests, and with the length of the gonopodium in some tests. Asymmetry of color spots indicates that either orange and black spots were not condition-dependent ornaments or the expected negative relationship between expression of condition-dependent ornaments and fluctuating asymmetry did not occur in the guppies. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
28 OF 4565
AU Bryson-Brockmann-William-A. Fischbein-David.
TI Demonstrating the effectiveness of videotape feedback for teaching interviewing skills: A multiple-baseline, single-participant experimental design.
SO Teaching & Learning in Medicine. 1995 Vol 7(3) 149-154.
MJ VIDEOTAPES. FEEDBACK. INTERVIEWING. MEDICAL-RESIDENCY.
MN ADULTHOOD.
ID videotaped feedback, interviewing skills, pediatric residents.
AB Examined the effectiveness of videotape feedback on 3 pediatric residents' interviewing behaviors. Ss were videotaped during pediatric clinic visits at baseline, an average of twice a month for the 6-mo intervention period, and again 6 mo later at follow-up. The occurrence or nonoccurrence during 30-sec time intervals of 3 target behaviors related to treatment adherence were identified: asking parents to repeat instructions, asking open-ended questions, and making positive comments on parenting behaviors. Feedback sessions were conducted 1-2 wks following videotaping and focused on training 1 target behavior at a time. Overall, Ss increased their rates of target behaviors during the intervention period and maintained these increases at follow-up. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
29 OF 4565
AU Nikolaus-T. Specht-Leible-N. Bach-M. Wittmann-Jennewein-C. et al.
TI Effectiveness of hospital-based geriatric evaluation and management and home intervention team (GEM-HIT): Rationale and design of a 5-year randomized trial.
SO Zeitschrift fur Gerontologie und Geriatrie. 1995 Jan-Feb Vol 28(1) 47-53.
MJ GERIATRIC-PATIENTS. INTERDISCIPLINARY-TREATMENT-APPROACH. TREATMENT-EFFECTIVENESS-EVALUATION. HOSPITALS. HOME-CARE.
MN HEALTH-IMPAIRED. EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN.
ID design of 5 yr randomized trial of hospital based comprehensive geriatric assessment & home intervention team, frail elderly.
AB Describes the plan for a pilot study to examine the effectiveness of an interdisciplinary team implementing hospital-based comprehensive geriatric assessment (CGA) and home intervention. All patients admitted from home showing functional decline with impairment in activities of daily living are assigned to CGA with in-hospital and postdischarge management, CGA with recommendations and usual care at home, or usual hospital and home care. The home intervention team (HIT) is comprised of nurses, geriatricians, physical therapists, occupational therapists, and social workers. 540 frail, elderly patients will be recruited for the trial, which will assess the effects of the program on health status, functional status, survival, hospital readmission, nursing home placement, and costs. (German abstract) (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************
30 OF 4565
AU Seto-Michael-C. Barbaree-Howard-E.
TI The role of alcohol in sexual aggression.
SO Clinical Psychology Review. 1995 Vol 15(6) 545-566.
MJ ALCOHOLS. AGGRESSIVE-BEHAVIOR. SEXUAL-AROUSAL. RAPE. PLACEBO.
MN EXPERIMENTAL-DESIGN. METHODOLOGY.
ID disinhibition model of & use of balanced placebo design in study of effects of alcohol on agression & sexual arousal to rape, literature review.
AB Reviews the experimental literature on the effects of alcohol on aggression and sexual arousal to rape as analogs of sexual aggression in order to elucidate alcohol's causal effect. The balanced placebo design as it is used in experimental alcohol research is described, and methodological concerns and limitations relating to the design are discussed. An overview of the literature on alcohol-related beliefs and expectancies is presented with a summary of the findings on the effects of alcohol administration on aggression, sexual arousability, and sexual arousal specifically to depictions of rape. A disinhibition model is described that proposes hypotheses regarding the link between alcohol and sexual aggression. (PsycINFO Database Copyright 1996 American Psychological Assn, all rights reserved). ************************************************************************