PREVENTIVE DENTISTRY

Overview of Common Oral Lesions

Dr. Lee Silverglade

Categories of Oral Diseases

1. Dental Caries

2. Periodontal Diseases

3. Other Acquired Oral Conditions

4. Hereditary Disorders

 

The etiology of categories 3 & 4 are varied and the control of these

diseases are usually carried out on an individual basis.

 

Cell Injury

Causes

Hypoxia - 0₂ deficiency

Interruption of blood flow

Cardio-respiratory disease

Poisoning - e.g., carbon monoxide

Trauma

Radiation

Temperature extremes

Chemicals

Microbiological Agents e.g., bacteria, viruses

Immunological reactions

Nutritional Imbalances

Aging

Cell injury results in acute inflammation

 

Acute inflammation in characterized by:

1. Vasodiation - increased blood flow

2. Increased permeability - edema

3. Emigration of leukocytes - Primarily

 

Acute Inflammation - clinically

1. redness

2. heat

3. swelling

4. pain

5. loss of function

 

Chronic inflammation

1. Mononuclear infiltration primarily lymphocytes and

    plasma cells

2. Tissue destruction - enzymatic breakdown

3. Repair - new vessel formation, fibrosis

 

Atrophy - decrease in size and function of a cell.

Hyperplasia - increase in number of cells.

Dysplasia - alteration in the size, shape and organization of

the cellular components of a tissue.

Neoplasia - new growth

 

Abnormal mass of tissue, persists after cessation of stimuli which evokes the

change. Loss of responsiveness to normal growth controls.

 

Benign Neoplasia - relatively innocent, will remain localized.

Malignant Neoplasia - Cancer

 

Lesion that can invade and destroy adjacent tissues

and spread to distant sites (metastasize).

Inflammatory

Traumatic ulcer

Pyogenic granulema

Hyperkeratosis (Leukoplakia)

Mucocele

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