Benson: "Free Agency and Self-Worth" j.Santiago
Intro: Sketch of new "weak" substantive conditions of autonomy. Plan is to critique mainstream views, then build new account that has more social dimensions directly in it.
- Unfree Action and Free Action
- Unfreedom: "primary modes" –a negative start (initial concerns)
- Lack of willful control of behavior
- Lack of ability to control/regulate the will "in light of what matters to the agent." (p. 652)
- Free Agency: positive characterization
- Govern behavior via one’s will
- Control/Alter the will in a reflective process
- The Free Agent
- "Content neutral" approaches presuppose the agent is identified with some reflecting element of their will.
- When this region is in control [of the will] we are free.
- Gaslighted Agents: a challenge to the received view
- Example: a woman slowly manipulated by husband to the point if confusion, disorientation, and low self-esteem. He then is in position to gain fortune.
- Reflective Abilities Intact: she can regulate behavior and authorize her will/motives, yet she is not free –she’s "disengaged" from acts.
- Self-Worth and Self-Trust
- Feminist Gaslight: Agent believes that there are good reasons for self-skepticism –"authorities" she accepts dictate it.
- Disassociation: identification with the abilities/procedure that is supposed to authorize motives breaks down –one no longer feels worthy of legitimately authorizing those motives, even though they in fact retain actual ability to do so.
- Self-Worth and Autonomy
- Multiple Self-Worths
- Slaves: estranged from full moral self-worth, and powers of reason
- Gaslight: estranged from reason
- Shamed Person: not estranged from self-evaluative competency but have lost respectability/honorable status
- Interpersonal Self Worth: fit for participating in certain relations with others
- Normative Dimensions: standards exist for legitimate occupancy of such relations
- Self-positioning: self-regarding competence to answer (potential) others in normatively governed relations.
- Clarifications: the condition of self-worth
- Subjectivity: does not entail that agent really is competent
- Local Normative Domains: in some relations we may feel confident and identify with our worthiness to occupy the role, in others not so.
- Treading a Substantive Hairline: place between content neutrality and content specific views restricts content of agents motivations/attitudes –but not on basis of content, rather on basis of the function it plays in establishing or diminishing the requisite sense of worthiness.