Intro: Attempt to sketch the notion of psychological externality. That is, the claim that some psychological events are in an important way external to a "person."

1. Activity and Passivity

1. General Notion: locating the "moving principle" (MP) in an event.

1. Active when MP is "inside" individual, passive when MP "outside."
2. Literal and Metaphorical uses: wind, twitches, mad scientists & minds.
3. Locating as a Theoretical Orientation: action as a property/product of a self –an Agent as opp. to a base creature, i.e human organism.

1. Bodies and Minds:

1. Analogy drawn between the notion we have of bodily "occurrences" vs. full blown "action taken by person" and similar mental events.
2. Key feature: participating actively (the sense we have of being the one’s in the act of doing the "thinking" or "desiring," etc.).

1. Passions: archaic term for emotions.

1. Penelhum and Moral Trickery: bosh! All emotions necessarily belong to persons.
2. F’s Reply ("Gross literal truths" and "Not-so Gross Philosophical Insights"): All emotions necessarily belong to creatures capable of emotions, but not necessarily to persons (as a term of art), c.f. wanton-person distinction.

1. Real-Ideal-and-Irresistible!: Internal passions (i.e. our real passions) are not necessarily those of our Ideal conception nor those we find Irresistible.

1. Externality: Alien desires

1. Preliminary: desires are external when they are ones we would prefer not to have or be moved by (p.63). Note above caveats.
2. Reflexive Attitudes

1. Disapproval: not sufficient –necessary to condition of externality
2. Infinite Regress: one’s attitude towards passion can itself be external

1. Alienation: experience of ourselves as internally divided (border between me and not-me).

1. Identification: Internal desires

1. Approval: seemingly sufficient condition of internal passion.
2. Genuine Attribution of Attitude

1. Ab Initio Problem (Christman): Infinite Regress requires more explication than attitudes –a different foundation.
2. A Different Foundation (Resolve): commitment to higher order attitude. (active element –one cannot passively resolve to do something –requires intention)

1. Conflicting Desires

1. First Order Conflicts: go to movies or go to concert

1. Rank order solutions: intensity and otra considerations
2. Desirability of all not at issue.

1. Second Order Conflicts: compliment and insult.

1. Rank ordering fails/inappropriate to solve dilemma: not all desirable.
2. External Desires: Desires with which one does not identify ("That’s not who I am.")
3. Rejecting Desires: loss of candidacy –not wanting a desire, and resolving to struggle against it.
4. Person vs. Desire: We (qua person rather than human organism) struggle against alien psychic forces.