BIOCHEMISTRY OF MUSCLE CONTRACTION
This home page contains selected graduate course lectures Updated: August 2006 |
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CONTENTS
Structure
Size and shape of the myosin molecule
Myosin light chains
Function
Myosin-actin binding
ATPase activity of myosin
Separate actin-binding and ATPase sites of myosin
Intermediates of the ATP hydrolysis
ATPase activity of myosin and speed of muscle shortening
Myosin heavy chains
Three-Dimensional Structure of Subfragment 1
Structure-function relationship in myosin
ATP hydrolysis catalyzed by myosin
The converter domain of the myosin head
Assembly
Myosin filament
Muscle fibers, myofibrils
Localization of myosin in the structure of muscle
References
The two forms of actin
Actin-myosin binding
Three-Dimensional Structure of Actin
Recent studies on the structure of actin
The intersubunit contacts in the F-actin filaments
Localization of actin in the structure of muscle
Structure of the thin filament
Mini-thin filaments
References
Structural model
Contact sites
Dynamics of actin-myosin interaction
X-ray Diffraction and Electron Microscopy of Muscle
References
Tropomyosin isoforms
Structure of tropomyosin
Binding properties
Troponin C
Troponin I
Troponin T
Recent X-ray Studies on Troponin Crystals
References
Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Contraction
The Role of Ca2+ in Regulation of Skeletal Muscle Contraction
Historical experiments
The experiments of Huxley and Taylor
Current concepts
Signal transduction between T-tubule and SR-junction
Ca2+-sparks
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Sequence of events
References
Mechanism of Skeletal Muscle Contraction
The sliding filament theory
Length-tension relationship
Crossbridge cycle and its relation to actomyosin ATPase
X-ray Diffraction Studies of Muscle and the Crossbridge Cycle
References
Historical Development of Muscle Energetics
The lactic acid theory and its disproof
The Lohmann reaction and its inhibition
ATP, Phosphocreatine and Glycogen Provide Energy for Muscle Contraction
Heat Production during Muscle Contraction
The relationship between energy output and chemical breakdown
Energy Cost Assessment in Humans
Direct calorimetry
Indirect calorimetry
Relationship between work-output and O2 consumption
Oxygen debt
Adaptation to exercise
Fatigue
References
Basic Physiology
Ultrastructure
Myosin
Actin: Purification
Exchange of the actin-bound nucleotide in perfused rat heart
TN-C
TN-I
TN-T
The troponin complex
Structural model for phosphorylation sites in cardiac troponin
Structural and functional differences between cardiac and skeletal isoforms of troponin
TM
Movement of tropomyosin during the heart cycle
Displacement of endogenous TN in skinned fibers with TN mutants
Purification of cardiac myofibrils
Gel electrophoresis of the regulatory proteins
Ca2+induced Ca2+ release
Calsequestrin
Phospholamban
Factors controlling the Ca2+release from Sarcolemma
Excitation-Contraction Coupling
Major events in cardiac E-C coupling
Biochemistry of Starling’s Law
References
Structure
Innervation and stimulation
Myofibril proteins
Other proteins: Calveolins
CHASM
Twitchin
Sarcoplasmic reticulum
Phosphorylation and Dephosphorylation of the 20-kDa Myosin Light Chain
Myosin light chain kinase and myosin light chain phosphatase
Protein kinase for myosin light chain (LC)
Protein phosphatase for myosin LC
Regulation of Ca2+-sensitivity by KCl
“Dick Murphy three decades as the touchstone of smooth muscle physiology”
Myosin light chain phosphorylation followed by 32P-labeling in intact smooth muscle
Isoforms of the 20-kDa myosin light chain
Phosphorylation site
Two-dimensional tryptic peptide mapping
Need for Ca2+ and calmodulin for light chain phosphorylation in intact smooth muscle
Stretch-induced light chain phosphorylation
Phosphorylation of Heat Shock Proteins
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate
Inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor
G-proteins
Phosphoinoside-specific phospholipase C
The Contractile Event of Smooth Muscle
Mechanism of Smooth Muscle Contraction
Activation of the Arp2/3 Complex by N-WASP during Smooth Muscle Contraction
Monomer (G) to Polymer (F) Transformation of Actin in Smooth Muscle
Characteristics of the exchange of the actin-bound nucleotide in smooth muscle
References
Historical development of cell motility
Profilin
Gelsolin
Structure and function
Arp2/3 complex and WASp/Scar proteins
Role of WASp homology domain 2 in actin filament nucleation
Structural basis of actin filament nucleation
Myosin V
Myosin VI
Kinesin and dynein
References
Basis of NMR
History
Superconducting NMR spectrometer
Horizontal bore superconducting NMR spectrometer
One meter horizontal bore magnets
Characteristic Parameters of 31P-NMR spectra
Chemical shift and Referencing
Intracellular pH
Identification of resonances
Coupling constants
Line width
31P Spectral Profiles of Intact Muscles
Changes in 31P Spectra of Stimulated Muscles
The Central Role of PCr in Analyzing 31P Spectra
Changes in the human 31P spectrum during muscular exercise
Kinetics of PCr breakdown
Myosin ATPase activity
31P Spectroscopy of Heart Muscle
31P Spectroscopy of Smooth Muscle
31P Spectroscopy of Normal and Diseased Human Muscle
Assignment of 1H resonances
Volume localized 1H spectroscopy
Water suppressed 1H spectroscopy
1H spectroscopy in the 21st century
Assignment of 13C resonances
Comparative spectra of normal and diseased muscle
Changes in the natural abundance 13C NMR spectra of intact frog muscle
13C spectroscopy with 13C-labeled substrates
References
Recommended Readings
______________________________________________________________
For more information please contact
Michael Bárány
Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics (M/C 536)
University of Illinois at Chicago
Chicago, IL 60612
e-mail: mbarany@uic.edu