Name: ______________________________
Section TA (please circle one):
Lorenzo
Azzi, Rishi Bhalla, Brian Chamberlin, Denise Elizondo, Sarah Landsberger, Liz
Mullen
1.
The
discipline of psychology lies at the interface of
(a)
physics
and biology
(b)
the humanities and natural
sciences
(c)
the
humanities and philosophy
(d)
economics
and textiles
2.
In
which of the following ways does scientific psychology differ from the
philosophy and other humanities?
(a)
psychology relies on
empirical evidence to construct and test theories about mind and behavior
(b)
psychology
is concerned with important issues, such as free will and determinism, the
relationship between mind and body, and the development of moral reasoning
(c)
psychological
methods often rely upon interpreting classic texts
(d)
none
of the above
3.
In
the lecture on genetic variability, security in relationships, and twin
methodologies, what did we learn?
(a)
monozygotic
twins were more similar in security than dyzygotic twins
(b)
identical
twins were more similar in security than fraternal twins
(c)
monozygotic
twins were less similar in security than dyzygotic twins
(d)
monozygotic and dyzygotic
twins were equally similar in security
4.
If
two variables are positively correlated then
(a)
people
who tend to have high scores on one variable will tend to have low scores on
the other
(b)
people
who tend to have high scores on one variable are just as likely to have high
scores on the other as they are to have low scores
(c)
people who tend to have low
scores on one variable will tend to have low scores on the other
(d)
people
who tend to have low scores on one variable will tend to have high scores on
the other
5.
What
is the third variable problem?
(a)
when
a third variable correlates with two others, creating the illusion that it
causes them
(b)
when
two variables cause each other, but a third variable obscures this fact
(c)
when
two variables interact with one another, yielding an unwanted third variable
(d)
when a third variable causes
two other variables, making it appear that those two variables are causally
related to one another
6.
An
independent variable is one
(a)
that is manipulated by an
experimenter
(b)
that
should be altered by an experimental manipulation
(c)
that
we expect to be influenced by the dependent variable
(d)
that
takes on a large number of values
7.
Which
of the following components of a neuron is responsible for receiving
information from other cells?
(a)
dendrites
(b)
cell
body
(c)
axon
(d)
vesicles
8.
The
resting potential of a neuron is
(a)
negatively charged
(b)
positively
charged
(c)
the
likelihood that the neuron will be active or inactive later in time
(d)
how
easily the neuron will rest
9.
For
a neuron to fire, it
(a)
must
be located in the central nervous system
(b)
must receive enough
excitation from neighboring cells for its potential to cross a threshold
(c)
must
be depleted of neurotransmitters
(d)
must
have its safety unlocked
10.
_______________
is/are released into the synapse when a neuron fires.
(a)
Microvolts
(b)
Neurotransmitters
(c)
Plastoids
(d)
Zerglings
11.
The
transduction of lightwaves into neural energy takes place in which kind of
retinal cell?
(a)
ganglion
cell
(b)
bipolar
cell
(c)
humour
(d)
photoreceptors
12.
According to Gestalt psychologists, the principle of
closure allows our brains to
(a) “move on,” after a traumatic experience
(b) perceive objects as belonging to a group, based
on how close together those objects are
(c)
perceive motion when animate objects are presented
in an inanimate manner
(d) “see” complete figures,
even when they don’t exist objectively
13.
Testosterone, and other hormones, are a product of
(a) the attachment system
(b) the immune system
(c) the endocrine system
(d) the muscular tissues
14.
Testosterone levels tend to be highest
(a) in early infancy
(b) in late adolescence
(c) in the womb
(d) at the beginning of puberty
15.
According to Dabbs’ research on “heroes, rouges, and
lovers,” the reason why older people commit fewer crimes than younger people is
that
(a) older people have already acquired many of the
material possessions that they desire
(b) they are less able to engage in the kinds of
behaviors associated with criminals, such as being able to run quickly
(c) they tend to be more affluent that younger
people
(d) they have lower
testosterone levels
16.
According
to trichromatic color theory, the retina is sensitive to which three colors?
(a)
blue, green, and red
(b)
blue,
red, and yellow
(c)
yellow,
green, and blue
(d)
red,
purple, and blue
17.
According
to opponent-process theory, we see “afterimages” because
(a)
cones
eventually tire and become less sensitive to certain colors
(b)
neurons representing blue,
for example, have inhibitory connections to neurons representing, yellow, for
example. As the blue neurons tire, the
yellow ones become more excited
(c)
cones
sensitive to short wavelengths have inhibitory connections to cones sensitive
to longer wavelengths. When short
wavelength cones are excited, and the stimulus is removed, the long wavelength
cones will fire
(d)
the
brain recognizes that blue things, for example, tend to be negatively paired
with yellow things in the natural world.
18.
Which
of the following represents evidence for opponent-process theory, as discussed
in lecture?
(a)
there
is no evidence in favor of the theory yet, but researchers believe that newer
neuroimaging techniques will provide a rigorous test of opponent-process theory
(b)
the
finding that cells responsive to blue wavelengths, for example, are located
near cells responsive to yellow wavelengths
(c)
the
finding that certain neurons have inhibitory connections to one another
(d)
the finding that neurons
that are highly excited by wavelengths we associate with blue, for example, are
inhibited by wavelengths we associate with the experience of yellow
19.
An
individual suffering from retrograde amnesia has
(a)
difficulty in recalling
events that took place before the incident that caused the amnesia
(b)
difficulty
in recalling events that have taken place since the incident that caused the
amnesia
(c)
difficulty
distinguishing the past from the present
(d)
difficulty
locating objects in space
20.
According
to the modal model of memory
(a)
information
flows from short-term memory to sensory memory
(b)
information
passes through five stages before reaching long-term memory
(c)
information does not flow
from short-term memory to sensory memory
(d)
information
processed by the sensory store cannot be processed in long-term memory
21.
According
to Sperling’s classic experiments on iconic memory
(a)
people are capable of
representing at least 75% of their visual field for at least ½ second
(b)
people
can only represent about 5% of their visual fields
(c)
people
can hold 7+2 pieces of information presented to them visually
(d)
partial
report procedures cannot be used to make inferences about the duration of
iconic memory
22.
Many
psychologists have suggested that iconic memory
(a)
can
have a longer duration with extensive practice
(b)
is the residual activation
of sensory neurons early in the visual system
(c)
is capable of holding 5 “bits” of information
(d)
peaks during the 2nd month of life
23.
According
to Miller’s studies of short-term memory, people can hold ______ pieces of
information in memory?
(a)
about
5
(b)
between 5 and 9
(c)
about
7
(d)
about
9
24.
According
to Baddeley, there are at least three major subsystems comprising working
memory. These are
(a)
The
word-length effect, the phonological loop, and the central executive
(b)
the
visuo-spatial sketchpad, the interpreter, and the central executive
(c)
the visuo-spatial sketchpad,
the phonological loop, and the central executive
(d)
the
phonological sketchpad, the articulatory loop, and the central executive
25.
The
word-length effect is the finding that
(a)
Memory
for words is enhanced when people visualize the words they are trying to
remember
(b)
studying
a long word can interfere with one’s ability to learn short words
(c)
longer
words are easier to store in long-term memory than shorter words
(d)
working memory performance
gets worse as the length of words to be remembered increases
26.
The
“primacy” part of a serial position curve is thought to reflect which memory
system?
(a)
sensory
memory
(b)
short-term
memory
(c)
long-term memory
(d)
eternity
memory
27.
In
a serial-position task, if to-be-remembered words are presented at short
intervals (e.g., every 3 seconds,
instead of every 9 seconds), the
(a)
primacy portion of the curve
is diminished
(b)
recency
portion of the curve is diminished
(c)
both
the primacy and recency portion of the curve is diminished
(d)
serial-position
curve is not affected
28.
In
a serial-position task, if people are tested on words they tried to memorize
after a 30-second long distraction task, the
(a)
primacy
portion of the curve is diminished
(b)
recency portion of the curve
is diminished
(c)
both
the primacy and recency portion of the curve is diminished
(d)
serial-position
curve is not affected
29.
Episodic
knowledge refers to
(a)
general
world knowledge
(b)
procedures
and skills
(c)
knowledge of particular
events derived from personal experience
(d)
sensory
memories
30.
Health psychology consists of:
a. analysis and improvement of the healthcare system
b. identification of causes and correlates of health and illness
c. promotion and maintenance of health
d. all of the above
31. Which of the following is not true of the biopsychosocial model:
a. there are various levels of prevention and treatment
b. it assumes mind-body dualism
c. prevention can be conducted via lifestyle factor modification
d. it accounts for interaction between causal variables
32. According to the lecture, health is best defined as:
a. absence of symptoms of disease
b. lack of objective signs the body is not functioning properly
c. a positive state of physical, mental, and social well-being
d. the illness/wellness continuum
Short Essay Questions
For these questions, please write legibly. (If you say something intelligent, but we can’t read it, you will not be at an advantage.) Also, please keep your answers short and to-the-point.
1. What is the “blind spot” phenomenon? In answering this question, explain (a) what it is about the nervous system gives rise to the blind spot, (b) why we typically do not experience a hole in space, and (c) how the nervous system does the “filling in.”
2. Dabbs has shown that people who win fights, games, etc. tend to have higher testosterone levels. Do you think that testosterone levels make people more dominant, or does winning increase your testosterone levels? In answering this question, please be sure to discuss research findings that we covered in lecture.