Name:______________________________________
Section TA (please circle one):
Lorenzo
Azzi, Rishi Bhalla, Brian Chamberlin, Denise Elizondo, Sarah Landsberger, Liz
Mullen
Exam 4
Introduction to Psychology
1.
In
Pavlov’s classic experiments on classical conditioning, the dog food served as
(a)
a
conditioned response
(b)
a
conditioned stimulus
(c)
an
unconditioned response
(d)
an unconditioned stimulus
2.
In
the Pavlov experiments, the bell served as
(a)
a
conditioned response
(b)
a conditioned stimulus
(c)
an
unconditioned response
(d)
an
unconditioned stimulus
3.
The
case of “Little Albert” demonstrates that
(a)
emotional responses can be
conditioned to previously neutral stimuli
(b)
children
are unable to entertain complex thoughts before the age of three
(c)
simple
responses, such as salivation, can be conditioned to previously neutral
stimuli, but not complex responses, such as emotional reactions
(d)
bells
cannot serve as conditioned stimuli in deaf children
4.
In
people with “split brains”
(a)
the corpus callosum has been
severed
(b)
epilepsy
has created a hole in the left hemisphere
(c)
the
language parts of the brain no longer function
(d)
the
world appears black-and-white
5.
If
we were to present an image of a cup of coffee to the left hemisphere of a
split brain patient, and an image of a person drinking from a cup of coffee to
the right hemisphere, the patient would report seeing which of the following?
(a)
a cup of coffee
(b)
a
person drinking water
(c)
a
person drinking a cup of coffee
(d)
nothing;
split brain patients have impairments in speech and cannot report on their
experiences
6.
Gazzaniga’s
studies on split-brain patients suggests that
(a)
consciousness makes up
stories about why it does things, even if consciousness itself is not the thing
responsible for doing those things
(b)
consciousness
plays a key role in the choices that a person makes
(c)
the
corpus callosum is not necessary for integrating information across hemispheres
(d)
working
memory is necessary for learning complex behavioral tasks
7.
According
to Freud, the mind is like a machine that
(a)
uses a fixed amount of
energy in its work
(b)
needs
its oil checked once a week
(c)
operates
cooperatively with societies’ laws
(d)
yearns
to be returned to the “factory”
8.
Two
of the principle instincts in Freudian theory are
(a)
sexuality and aggression
(b)
hunger
and fear
(c)
sexuality
and hunger
(d)
sex
and dreaming
9.
Within
Freudian theory, when the psychic energy generated by an instinct is not
released it
(a)
dwindles
away
(b)
is
forced out through its natural channel
(c)
is directed somewhere where
it can be released
(d)
is
conserved
10.
The
id corresponds to that part of the mind that
(a)
gives rise to instinctual
urges and wishes, and is unconscious
(b)
gives
rise to instinctual urges and wishes, and is conscious
(c)
gives
rise to guilt, and is unconscious
(d)
gives
rise to guilt, and is conscious
11.
According
to Freud, dreams represent
(a)
the
expression of a person’s true wishes and fears
(b)
the
random firing of neurons
(c)
the
ego’s way of transforming the content of the Mira
(d)
the expression of
unconscious wishes and fears in a disguised form
12.
In
our class exercise on Freudian slips, we found that
(a)
men
and women made the same number of sexual slips of the tongue
(b)
men were more likely than
women to make sexual slips of the tongue
(c)
women
were more likely than men to make sexual slips of the tongue
(d)
everyone
made a lot of slips
13.
Experiments
on subliminal priming suggest that
(a)
prime numbers can be represented in working memory
(b)
complex forms of thought, such as language, cannot operate without conscious
awareness
(c)
the more you learn, the less you feel like you know
(d)
information can be perceived and processed without conscious awareness
14.
In
the Bechera et al. study on emotional learning, patients with damage to either
their amygdala or their hippocampus were studied. Bechera et al. found that
(a) patients with damage to the amygdala could not be emotionally conditioned, even though they were aware of the conditioning process
(b)
patients with damage to the hippocampus could not be emotionally conditioned,
even though they were aware of the conditioning process
(c)
patients could be emotionally conditioned, regardless of which neural structure
was damaged
(d)
none of the above
15.
Adams,
Wright, and Lohr’s (1996) study on homophobia is consistent with the Freudian
notion that
(a)
homophobia results from having felt rejected by father during the early years
of life
(b)
people with a strong sexual libido will express their sexuality in anyway
possible
(c)
homophobia stems, in part, from unwanted feelings of homosexual arousal
(d)
homophobia is revealed in dreams, as well as in everyday behavior
16. Greenwald and colleagues conducted a study on audiotapes containing subliminal messages. One group, the “self-esteem” group, listened to tapes containing subliminal messages designed to boost self-esteem. The other group, the “memory group,” listened to tapes containing subliminal messages designed to boost memory abilities. According to their results
(a)
30 days later, the memory group’s memory was just as good as the self-esteem
group’s memory
(b)
30 days later, the self-esteem group’s self-esteem was much better than the
memory groups’ self-esteem
(c)
30 days later, the memory group’s memory was better than the self-esteem
group’s memory
(d)
the experiment had to be terminated early because people got too caught up in
the roles
17.
Before
Milgram’s study on obedience, a team of psychiatrists guessed that ___ of
subjects would administer the highest levels of shock.
(a)
less than 50%
(b)
more than 50%
18.
In
the Milgram study on obedience, ___ of subjects administered the highest levels
of shock.
(a)
less than 50%
(b)
more than 50%
19.
Which
of the following approaches to psychological disorders would be mostly likely
to focus on the dynamics of the family?
(a)
psychodynamic
(b)
cognitive
(c)
biological
(d)
systems
20. When the experimenter was not present in
Milgram’s studies
(a)
people were less likely to
go all the way to 450 volts
(b)
people
were more likely to go all the way to 450 volts
(c)
people
quit the experiment early
(d)
people
stole laboratory equipment
21.
Zimbardo’s prison study, often called the “Stanford Prison Study,” reveals that
(a)
simple, everyday roles can
have profound effects on people’s behavior
(b)
the
current prison system is more harmful to inmates than those operating on a
“token system”
(c)
people
who are placed in jail for crimes they did not commit will often be more
resilient than people who actually committed the crimes they were jailed for
(d)
ethnic
boundaries often break down in prison situations
(a)
the
best way to cure mental illness is to convince the patient that the illness is
due to a label rather than a true biological disorder
(b)
the
labels currently used by the DSM are invalid because they are not based on
empirical data
(c)
a
person labeled as a schizophrenic will often become schizophrenic
(d)
mental illness does not
really exist; diagnoses simply reflect what society considers deviant at the
time
(a)
studies
on labeling do not cure patients of their disorders
(b)
the
labels used by the DSM are based on empirical, clinical data
(c)
people
rarely become schizophrenic simply because they are labeled as such
(d)
mental illnesses must exist
because they occur cross-culturally and have physiological bases
(a)
stem from unresolved
conflicts, usually of a sexual or aggressive nature
(b)
can
be treated using systematic desensitization
(c)
are
highly heritable
(d)
are
less severe than psychoses
(a)
axis
1
(b)
axis 2
(c)
axis
3
(d)
axis
4
(e)
axis
5
(a)
is
50% better off than someone who does not receive psychotherapy
(b)
is
better off by undergoing psychodynamic treatment than cognitive-behavioral
treatment
(c)
is 25% better off than
someone who does not receive psychotherapy
(d)
is
better off not wasting their time with treatment
(a)
that
people growing up in the southeast tend to believe in Placebo Claus until the
age of 9
(b)
that
people rarely improve unless given an active placebo
(c)
that people tend to improve
when they think they are getting the “active ingredient,” even if they are not
given the active ingredient
(d)
that
people have better memory for distinct events than mundane events
28.
Which
of the following symptoms might be exhibited by someone suffering from
depression?
(a)
difficulty sleeping
(b)
heart
racing
(c)
hot
or cold flashes
(d)
repetitive
behaviors
(a)
compulsions
(b)
heart
racing
(c)
sleeping
problems
(d)
a break with reality
(a)
severe hallucinations
(b)
severe impairments in one’s ability to function in the world
(c)
prison
(d)
premature death