Associative Learning - Classical Conditioning - association between UCS and CS
                                - Operant Conditioning - association between Stimulus and Consequence

Pavlov - Classical Conditioning
UCS                     UCR
CS                         CR

Acquisition
Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction
Spontaneous Recovery

Phobias
Little Albert- 9 months old
UCS                     UCR
CS                         CR

Counter conditioning - weakening a CR by associating the fear provoking stimulus with a new response that is incompatible with the fear
 

Operant conditioning
Skinner

Thorndike's Law of Effects - behaviors followed by positive outcomes will be strengthened and behaviors followed by negative outcomes will be weakened

Shaping

Reinforcements
Punishments

                                Reinforcement
                                        |
                                        |
                                        |
                                        |
negative --------------------------------------positive
                                        |
                                        |
                                        |
                                        |
                                Punishment

Primary v Secondary reinforcements

Schedules of Reinforcements
    Fixed Ratio
    Variable Ratio
    Fixed Interval
    Variable Interval

Generalization
Discrimination
Extinction

Effective and Ineffective Punishment with Kids

Timing of reinforcement and punishment

Behavior Modification Programs
    Antecedent
    Behavior
    Consequence

1) Define the behavior to be changed in specific terms
2) make a commitment to change
3) Collect data about your behavior
4) Design a Self Control program
5) Make the program last - maintenance

Token Economy

Bandura - Observational Learning
- attention
- retention
- motivation/incentive
- reproduction

TV violence and the Bobo Doll
Strict behaviorism suggests that the environment generates some stimulus that a person behaviorally responses to which then changes the environment providing another stimulus for the person to respond to and so on.

Environment <------------>Behavior
(Stimulus)                            (Response)

Bandura believed that if behavior was simply S-R based, then we should not see as much variability as we see within and between subjects. That is, people often think before they respond and their thoughts or belief may alter their behavior.

Reciprocal Determinism
- 3 way interaction between
- Person's thoughts, beliefs,                                                              Person
- Behavior                                                                                       /         \
- Environment                                                                                /            \
                                                                                           Behavior ----- Environment
 

Cognitive Factors
    Purposiveness
    Expectancy Learning and Information
        Tolman

Latent Learning

Insight Learning
 

Biological and Cultural Factors
    Instinctive drift
    Preparedness
    Taste Aversion