Top Down Processing                    /\
Bottom Up Processing                  /   \
                                                   /      \
 

Stimulus for environment ->Sensory Receptors ->Action Potential in Sensory (Afferent) Neuron -> sensation and perception

Thresholds
    Absolute Threshold
        Subliminal Perception
            - First studied after movie theater claimed popcorn and soda sales increased following the insertion of the phrases "Drink Coke" and "Eat Popcorn" for a single frame in the movie (approximately 1/3,000th of a second)
            - Subliminal Tapes
            - Anagrams
                                        T  S  P  O
                        Stop, Pots, Tops, Spot, Post, Opts, 

    Difference Threshold/Just Noticeable Difference
        - Weber's law - The principle that 2 stimuli must differ by a constant minimum PERCENTAGE (not constant amount) to be perceived as different.

Signal Detection Theory
        - Real world v Person's perception/response
                                                                          Response
                                                                Present        Not Present
                            Signal Present          |        HIT     |     MISS        |
            Actual                                     |-------------|---------------|
                            Signal Not Present  | False Alarm |  Correct        |
 

Perception of Sensory Stimuli
    Selective Attention
        Cocktail Party Effect
        Stroop Effect
            - color is processed faster than shapes
            - incongruent information causes a delay

Sensory Adaption- change in the responsiveness of the sensory system based on the average level of surrounding stimulation

VISION
Light - measured in wavelength, amplitude, and purity
  - observe 400-700 nanometers
  - wavelength reflected by HUE (color)
  - amplituted reflects brightness
  - purity reflects saturation/richness of stimulus

Structure of the eye
    Receptor Cells
        - rods
        - cones
    Blind Spot

Visual Processing
    feature detection
    parallel processing
    binding
 
Color Vision
    Trichromatic theory
    Opponent Process Theory

Perceiving Shape, Depth, Motion, Constancy
    monocular cues
    figure-ground relationship
    gestalt psychology
        proximity
        closure
        similarity
    binocular cues
    depth perception

Visual Illusions

AUDITORY