How do we gather visual information?
Visual sensory, or iconic, memory
- Sperling (1960)
- whole report condition
- partial report condition
- other Sperling findings
How do we lose information in iconic memory?
- decay
- interference
After we gather visual information via saccades and fixations, how do
we interpret what we are seeing?
Visual pattern recognition
-how do we interpret written language, such as identifying letters?
-template matching –
-feature detection
–
-Selfridge’s Pandemonium model –
-the Pandemonium model illustrates parallel processing
-neurological evidence for the Pandemonium model
-the Pandemonium model is bottom-up, or data-driven,
but we also
use top-down, or conceptually-driven processing to
recognize letters
-context effects on
pattern recognition –
Neurological errors in object/pattern/scene recognition – Visual
agnosia
-agnosia –
-apperceptive agnosia
–
-associative agnosia –
-prosopagnosia –
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Discussion of McCarley
et al. (2004) [first reading]
Hearing is all about vibration
Auditory sensory (echoic) memory
-Darwin, Turvey, & Crowder (1972) –
-three-eared man procedure –
-in contrast to iconic (visual sensory) memory, subjects did not have
as good
accuracy for the stimuli, but were able to hold them for a longer
period of
times
-generally the last items in a group of stimuli
are best recalled from echoic memory,
but Crowder (1972) found that
interference of another item could lead to poor
recall for these last items
Auditory pattern recognition
-template matching rejected as form of auditory
pattern recognition because of
problem of invariance
-invariance –
-segmentation errors
-auditory perception and pattern recognition
are highly top-down, or conceptually,
processed
-cough experiment (Warren & Warren, 1970)