1) Locate and photocopy a good map of India.  Do your best to mark the areas that are mentioned in the article.  Please BRING THE MAP to class.

2)  Write a list of the languages spoken in India that are mentioned, and be able to discuss their relationships to each other (where applicable).

3)  This is Schiffman's introductory idea about language policy in India (from p. 150):

India used to have a covert policy that was in tune with the overt policy.  The advent of colonialism and the Independence Movement brought in ideas about policy (copied from Russia) that were no longer in tune with its long-standing linguistic culture, and resulted in an overt policy that was dramatically out of line.

Be able to describe this more fully.  Also be able to summarize what India's language policy is today and what it is an expression of.

4)  Be able to discuss the major traits of Indian linguistic culture and to note how it is similar and different from French linguistic culture.

5) On p. 150 Schiffman mentions Macaulay's Minute.  Read more about it on http://65.107.211.206/post/india/hohenthal/3.3.html

Heine, Language Policy in Africa (questions prepared by Kelly)

1) Discuss the differences between endoglossic and exoglossic states.
2) How do endoglossic states which do not pursue and active policy differ from those states that do?
3) What were some possible expectations of language planners in exoglossic states in Africa?  What is the reality of language knowledge in those states?
4) What are some differences between horizontal and vertical media?  How is Kenya a good example?

Ngugi Wa Thiong'o, Decolonizing the mind

1)  According to the author, what made a good story-teller, and what did that teach him about the power of language?
2) Briefly discuss the 3 aspects of language as communication and 3 aspects of language as culture.  How do they affect each other?
3) What is "colonial alienation"?