REFERENCES

1. Clark CF, Wethern-Kestner S, Vance MV, et al: Clinical presentation and treatment of black widow spider envenomation: a review of 163 cases. Ann Emerg Med 1992;21(7)782-87.
2. Gertsch WJ: American spiders. D. Van Nostrand, Toronto, 1949.
3. Kobernick M: Black widow spider bites. Am Fam Phys 1984;29(5):241-45.
4. Moss HS, Binder LS: A retrospective review of black widow spider envenomation. Ann Emerg Med 198716:188-192.
5. Rauber A: Black widow spider bites. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 1983-84; 21:473-85.

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