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<Title><![CDATA[Developing Objectives]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Exploring Flow in Proposal Formation Developing Objectives  ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[In this presentation, we will focus on developing objectives while keeping in mind the concept of  flow  in crafting a grant proposal.]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Understanding the Flow]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Understanding the Flow	   Need  Goal Objectives Activities ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[The best way to develop strong objectives for your proposal is to put them into the proper perspective.     Begin with the need   Develop the goals  Develop the measurable objectives which support the goal(s) Develop the activities for each objective We will explore each of these elements of flow in turn so that we can understand how to properly develop objectives in a federal grant proposal. ]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Needs Statement]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Needs Statement   Who? What? When? Where? Why? ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[First, the Needs Statement (also referred to as the Problem Statement) makes a compelling case that an important need exists which no one else is addressing, or addressing effectively. Remember it has to be a need that the grantor has a passion to fund.  The details of the Needs Statement can be found in the course, and are critical to a well crafted proposal, but for the purpose of flow, we view the need as an identification of the five Ws, who, what, when where and why.      ]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Goals]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Goals Long Range Broad ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[ Goals:  Goals are broad and abstract with long-range accomplishments to which you hope your program will contribute. They should be a logical and compelling response to the needs presented in the needs assessment.    Example:   Our after-school program will help children read better.  (Foundation Center Web site)    ]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Objectives are& ]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Objectives are&  Specific Concrete Observable Measurable    ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[Objectives are Specific, concrete, observable, or measurable statements of what a program is expected to achieve to move the program toward its goals.  There are two general types of objectives: process and outcome. We will differentiate between the two in coming slides.       Example of an objective:   Our after-school remedial education program will assist 50 children in improving their reading scores by one grade level as demonstrated on standardized reading tests administered after participating in the program for six months." (Foundation Center Web site) ]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Activities]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Activities      Seven new teachers will be hired to work eight weeks in the summer and four nights a week after school with 60 students who scored below grade level on 2008 state test scores in reading ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[Finally, activities are the tangible steps you take in your program to accomplish your objectives. Example:   Seven new teachers will be hired to work eight weeks in the summer and four nights a week after school with 60 students who scored below grade level on 2008 state test scores in reading.  ]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Maintain the Flow!]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Maintain the Flow! Stated objectives will likely be used to evaluate program progress in the future. ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[Your stated objectives must fit into the potential funder s overall impression of the strong and coherent linkages between the different flow elements of your proposal in order to lay a proper foundation for a compelling argument for funding procurement. Everything should build upon and support other facets of the proposal. It is very important to always keep this flow in mind when designing your objectives, especially since they will probably be used to evaluate program process in the future.]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Standard Form of an Objective]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Standard Form of an Objective (verb noting direction of change) + (area of change) + (target population) + (degree of change) + (time frame)  ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[Here is a standard form for an objective: (verb noting direction of change) + (area of change) + (target population) + (degree of change) + (time frame)  Notice that this format will create an objective that is Specific, concrete, observable, and measurable]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Example]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Example	 To reduce the unemployment status of our graduating students so that 75 percent are fully employed within six months of graduation.  ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[Review the example objective. We are going to break down the components in the next slide to illustrate how a well written objective easily follows the standard form referenced in the previous slide. ]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Breakdown]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Breakdown Verb Noting Direction of Change To reduce    Area of Change Unemployment status    Target Population For our graduating students    Degree of Change So that 75 percent gain full-time employment    Time Frame Within six months of graduation    ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[Objective = (verb noting direction of change) + (area of change) + (target population) + (degree of change) + (time frame)  Additionally, keep in mind that it will be necessary to establish the type of evaluation instrument you will use to measure the degree of achievement of this objective. In this example, the organization might use pre- and post- training questionnaires as their method of collecting this data. ]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Slide 11]]></Title>

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<Notes><![CDATA[Two Types of Objectives to Consider   Process or Outcome All objectives should be precise, measurable, and time-phased.  However, in developing objectives to support program goals, you may want to distinguish between process and outcome objectives. If the objective describes something a staff person or volunteer is going to do, it is almost certainly an activity or process objective.   If the objective describes a change in behavior, skills, awareness, health status, and so on, by a client or consumer of your services, it is almost certainly an outcome objective.   ]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Process Objectives]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Process Objectives Answers: To reach the program, who needs to do what, with whom, and when is it to be done? ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[Process objectives typically begin with phrases such as "to develop, to implement, to establish, to conduct."   Answer the questions:   In order to reach the program goal, who needs to do what, with whom, and when is it to be done?  Focus on:  activities carried out in the project, target audience of activities, other individuals involved. Example:  Between October 1999 and September 2000, project staff will connect at least 20 women to manufacturing employers with entry level opportunities.]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Outcome Objectives]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Outcome Objectives Answers:  What effect do we hope the program will have?  What do we hope will be the results of the project? ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[Outcome objectives describe outcomes that will be made by the end users of the organization's services, changes that are a result of process activities.  Outcome objectives typically begin with phrases such as "to increase, to decrease, to improve." Answer the question:   What effect do we hope the program will have?  or  What do we hope will be the results of the project?  Focus on:  changes in attitudes, feelings, knowledge, and/or behavior of individuals involved, or changes in a complex system (such as state legislature or work-site) that the program is trying to influence. Example:  60% of women completing the training program during program year 2001 will have acquired the skills needed to pass the carpenter s entrance exam.]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Example:]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Example: Goal: To increase coping skills of families in stress Objectives: Process- Present two workshops for 20 families in July.  Outcome- Increase performance on self-administered test in coping strategies by 50% on average for all participants as a result of the two workshops Martha s Shelter Family Workshop Program ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[The following are two examples of a program s goal and objectives. The first example describes the Family Workshop Program of Martha s Shelter, an organization that offers workshops to family members who need to acquire healthy coping skills.   The Goal of the program is to increase coping skills of families in stress. This goal describes the long-range accomplishments that the organization hopes to contribute to through the Family Workshop Program.   The first objective listed is a process objective while the second is an outcome objective. The process objective, to present two workshops for twenty families in July, details the precise activities of the project to be carried out by the organization and the target audience of these activities. The outcome objective, on the other hand, focuses on the outcomes produced by the end users of the organization s services as a result of the program s process activities.]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Example:]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Example: Goal: To decrease the immediate trauma of victims of crime. Objectives: Process- Match 200 victims with 200 volunteers to provide support during police interviews in 1997.  Outcome- Using provider-administered surveys, achieve a significant decrease in the immediate traumas reported by victims as a result of this program;  significant  to be defined once a baseline is established in 2004. Victim s Assistance Fund Volunteer/Victim Advocate Program ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[This example describes the Volunteer/Victim Advocate Program of the Victim s Assistance Fund, an organization that provides victims of crime with volunteers who will accompany them and speak for them at police and legal proceedings.   The Goal of the program is to decrease the immediate trauma of victims of crime. Again, this goal describes the long-range accomplishments that the organization hopes to contribute to through this Volunteer/Victim Advocate Program.   Additionally, the process objective in this case, to match 200 victims of crime with 200 volunteers to provide support during police interviews in 1997, details the precise activities of this project to be carried out by the organization and the target audience of these activities. The outcome objectives similarly centers in on concrete end-user progress as a result of the program s efforts.]]></Notes>

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<Title><![CDATA[Remember!]]></Title>

<SlideText><![CDATA[Remember!   Need  Goal Objectives Activities Process Outcome ]]></SlideText>

<Notes><![CDATA[Flow Begin with the need   Develop the goals  Develop the measurable objectives which support the goal (s) Develop the activities for each objective  Objectives, process and outcome, should follow naturally from the needs you have established and the goals that are generated from those needs. ]]></Notes>

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