The Mineral-Water Interface Laboratory (MWIL) of Kathy Nagy includes a Multimode Scanning Probe Microscope - Nanoscope IIIa from Veeco-Digital Instruments - equipped with two fluid cells for in situ tapping mode atomic force microscopy, 15 and 125 micron scanners, and phase contrast imaging capability. Controlled-temperature reaction experiments can be performed using powder or single crystals in batch mode, with stirred-flow reactors, or with pH-stat control in oxygenated or anaerobic atmospheres. Analytical facilities include an ICP/OES and UV-visible light spectrophotometer. A refrigerated high-speed centrifuge, gas-sorption BET surface area analyzer, and micronizing mill are available for sample preparation and characterization. A Silicon Graphics dual-processor Octane computer and Cerius2 molecular modeling software are used for modeling reactions with either empirical forcefields or first principles (ab initio) calculations. Other geochemical modeling software includes Crystalmaker, The Geochemist's Workbench, Fiteql, and Mineql. Additional analytical facilities are available within the department in the X-Ray Laboratory of Steve Guggenheim and at the Research Resources Center (e.g., scanning electron microscopy, transmission electron microscopy, and electron microprobe).