Class Hours: Lectures are currently scheduled at Mon. from 1-3:30 and
Wed.
from 1-2:40.
Text: Introduction to Mineral Sciences by A. Putnis, Cambridge University Press.
Prerequisites: GeolS 220 (Introduction to Mineralogy) or its equivalent.
It is assumed
that you have a general (although not necessarily a working) knowledge
of
symmetry, crystallography, and elementary mineralogy.
1. Introduction, Bonding characteristics: Ionic bonding, Born theory.
2. Born theory (cont.), Covalent bonds: Schrodinger atom, orbital orientations,
hybrid bonds.
3. Covalent bonds: Hybrid bonds (cont.), van der Waals bonds, Metallic
bonds:
Band theory.
4. Bond lengths and polyhedral distortions: Pauling's rules, non-saturated
anions,
cation-cation repulsions, crystal field theory.
5. Crystal field theory (cont.), CFSE, ligand field strength.
6. Crystal field theory (cont.), low-spin, high-spin, calculated CFSE,
Jahn-Teller
effects.
7. Physical properties of solids: Optical properties related to crystal
structure,
Piezoelectric effects.
8. Physical properties of solids: Cleavage, magnetic properties.
9. True metal structures: Closest packing, body centered cubic, alloys
(AuAg,
AuCu), ordered and substitutional solid solutions.
10. Consequences of order/disorder relations, Superstructures, some
diffraction
effects, anti-phase domains, Interstitial alloy structures.
11. Structures with intermediate metal and covalent bonds (sulfides),
Covalent
compounds, diamond and derivative structures, evidence of covalency,
stuffed
derivative structures (ex., spinels).
12. Exam 1: Cover topics 1-10.
13. Return of exams, Ionic compounds: Types based on bond strength,
AX and AX2
structures, polarization in AX2 type layer structures.
14. Gibbsite and brucite: The hydrogen bond, hydrogen vs hydroxyl bond
distinctions.
15. Types of solid state transformations: Displacive, reconstructive,
dilatational,
rotational disorder, substitutional disorder and bond type.
16. Classification of silicate structures, the nature of the Si-O bond,
use of closest
packing to solve early structures; Silicate structures: Orthosilicates.
17. Silicate Structure: Orthosilicates: Other olivine types structures.
The
aluminosilicates-Kyanite, Andalusite and Sillimanite; Silicate Structures:
Sorosilicates and Belov's Chapter B of the silicate story.
18. Silicate Structures: Single infinite chains, pyroxenes, structural
aspects,
quadrilateral pyroxenes, compositional trends.
19. Silicate Structures: non-quadrilateral pyroxenes, exsolution and
solid state
transformations.
20. Silicate Structures: Double chains, amphiboles, compared to pyroxenes,
structural aspects, order/disorder, phase relations.
21. Silicate Structures: Al content in amphiboles; Pyroxenoids and different
chain
geometries, crystal chemistry, Biopyriboles-different chain widths.
22. Exam 2: Covering topics 11-20.
23. Return of exams, layer silicates, classification and terminology,
X-ray
identification of clay minerals.
24. Silicate Structures: Layer silicates, mica polytypes.
25. Silicate Structures: Layer silicates, serpentines, polytypes, kaolins.
26. Silicate Structures: Layer silicates, distortions, T-O misfit and
its consequences
in micas and serpentines (modulated layer silicates of the 1:1 type).
27. Silicate Structures: Layer silicates, modulated layer silicates
of the 2:1 type,
palygorskite/sepiolite.
28. Silicate Structures: Feldspars, structural aspects, classification,
K feldspars, Al/Si
order/disorder, microcline twinning.
29. Silicate Structures: Plagioclase feldspars, structural aspects and
immiscibilities,
Al/Si order/disorder, satellite reflections.
30. Silicate Structure: Plagioclase feldspars, interpretations of domains, exsolution.