Disability Studies and the Legacies of Eugenics

The T4 managers of mass murder eventually established six killing centers. Two were replacement institutions for the first two when they were phased out, however, so only four operated at any one time. Brandenburg and Grafeneck were the first to be established: both opened approximately the same time, first Brandenburg, then Grafeneck, in about January 1940....Brandenburg closed in September and Grafeneck in December 1940. In the spring and early summer of 1940, two further killing centers were opened to handle the growing number of victims: Hartheim in May and Sonnenstein in June. In September 1940, Bernburg replaced Brandenburg, and in December, Hadamar replaced Grafeneck. (p. 88)

Friedlander, Henry. (1995) The Origins of Nazi Genocide: From Euthanasia to the Final Solution. Chapter 5: “The Killing Centers” (reading list)

Sharon L. Snyder, Ph. D.,
Director, "Legacies of Eugenics" Summer Institute, Einstein Forum
Assistant Professor, Interdisciplinary Ph. D. Program in Disability Studies
Department of Disability and Human Development
University of Illinois at Chicago (MC 626)
1640 W. Roosevelt Rd. #207
Chicago IL 60608-6904 U.S.A.
E-mail: ssnyder@uic.edu Phone: (312) 413-1975 (Voice) Fax: (312) 996-0885