802. Vaccines 97: Molecular Approaches to the Control of Infectious Diseases, edited by Fred Brown, Dennis Burton, Peter Doherty, John Mekalanos, Erling Norrby.

803. Queer Representations: Reading Lives, Reading Cultures, edited by Martin Duberman.

804. Activism and Marginalization in the AIDS Crisis, edited by Michael A. Hallett.

805. Confronting the AIDS Epidemic: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on HIV/AIDS Education, edited by Davidson C. Umeh.

806. Hospital Time, by Amy Hoffman.

807. AIDS and the Law, 3rd ed. 1998 Cumulative Supplement no. 1, edited by David W. Webber.

808. Youth-to-Youth: HIV Prevention and Young People in Kenya, by Glen Williams, Lucy Ng'ang'a, John Ngugi.

809. Common Cause: Young People, Sexuality and HIV/AIDS in Three African Countries, by Glen Williams, Amanda Milligan, Tom Odemwingie.

810. No Place for Borders: The HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Development in Asia and the Pacific, edited by Godfrey Linge, Doug Porter.

811. Sites of Desire, Economies of Pleasure: Sexualities in Asia and the Pacific, edited by Lenore Manderson, Margaret Jolly.

812. Science and Art of Living a Longer and Healthier Life, by Carl E. Bartecchi, Robert W. Schrier.

813. HIV Mental Health for the 21st Century, edited by Mark G. Winiarski.

814. Evaluating HIV Prevention Interventions, by Joanne E. Mantell, Anthony T. DiVittis, Marilyn I. Auerbach.

815. AIDS Education and Prevention: An Interdisciplinary Journal, v.9, no.5, October, 1997, v.9, no.6, December, 1997, v.10, no.1, February, 1998.

816. Medical Alert, November/December, 1997.

Vaccines 97 contains papers from the 14th annual meeting on Modern Approaches to the Control of Infectious Diseases, held September 9-13, 1996, at Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory. It is the last meeting to be held at this location. As with previous meetings these papers present 'the most current survey of the most interesting technologies and concepts to emerge in the vaccine development field." This particular volumes discusses immunogens at a structural level. These are highly technical articles that are extremely well documented. There are 56 papers contained in the 10 sections: "Immunogenic Structures," "Interaction of Antigens with the Immune System," "Cytokines, Pathogenesis and Vaccines," "Emerging Pathogens," "DNA Immunization," "Bacterial Vaccines," "Parasite Vaccines," "Viral Vaccines," "HIV-SIV," and "The Albert B. Sabin Lecture."

The ten papers in the "HIV-SIV" section include: "A CD4-specific Monoclonal Antibody Cloned from a CD4-immunized Human Induces the Apoptosis of HIV-infected T Cells," "Vaccination of Rhesus Monkeys with Attenuated SIV: Immunological Correlates of Protection and Safety Aspects," "A Molecularly Cloned, Pathogenic, Neutralization-resistant Simian Immunodeficiency Virus, SIVsmE543-3," "Immunization with HIV-1 gp160 by the Prime and Boost Regimen Protects Macaques against SHIV HXBc2 Challenge," "Characterization of SIV Envelope=specific Fabs Obtained by Combinatorial Antibody Cloning from a Long-term, Nonprogressor Macaque," "Human Anti-viral Fab for Antibody Gene Therapy," "Attenuated Influenza Virus as a Vector for Mucosal Immunization against HIV-1," "Live Recombinant Adenovirus Expressing SIV Gag Protein as an Immunogen in Mice," "Virucidal and Antibacterial Activities of 3-HP-beta-LG," and "Evidence for a Primary IgG Response to the Oligomeric Form of gp160 during Primary HIV-1 Infection in Both Chimpanzees and Humans."

A highly recommended book for all academic libraries.

803. Queer Representations: Reading Lives, Reading Cultures, edited by Martin Dubermann. 1997. New York University Press, 70 Washington Square South, New York, NY 10012-1091. 410p., illus., bibliog., index. (A Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies Book). ISBN0-8147-1884-1, 0-8147-1883-3pbk. $24.95, $22.95pbk. (Descriptors: Homosexuality in Art; Arts; Arts, Modern) (54 contributors)

Although this book is not directly related to AIDS it does provide an insight into the gay culture which so many people misunderstand. Society has been quick to judge gays and lesbians with, sometimes, very harmful results. As with any group of people, there has to be a general understanding of what that group is made of, what it thinks, how it reacts to the rest of society, and how it should be accepted for all it good points as well as its bad. The Center for Lesbian and Gay Studies (CLAGS) began in April, 1991, at the City University of New York Graduate School. "The purpose of this anthology is not to recount or analyze the story of an organization, but to make available some of the more substantial fruits of its work to date." This is actually the second anthology from CLAGS, the first being A Queer World. The goal of CLAGS "has always been to disseminate to as broad an audience as possible the often original, controversial, illuminating findings that cutting-edge scholars and activists have presented at our events."

This is an excellent book to read, picking and choosing the stories that look interesting from their titles. To entice one to read more, some of the more interesting titles include: "Ephoros and Ritualized Homosexuality in Bronze Age Crete," "Strange Brew: Hollywood and the Fabrication of Homosexuality in Tea and Sympathy," "Negative Identifications: HIV-Negative Gay Men in Representation and Performance," "Horace Walpole's Forbidden Passion," "On the Beginnings of Lesbian Literature in the United States," "On the Beginnings of Gay Male Literature in the United States," and "The Personal Is Political: Queer Fiction and Criticism." A recommended book for all academic libraries and large public libraries.

804. Activism and Marginalization in the AIDS Crisis, edited by Michael A. Hallett. 1997. Haworth Press, 10 Alice St., Binghamton, NY 13904-1580. 194p., bibliog., index. (Journal of Homosexuality, v.32, no.3/4, 1997). ISBN 0-7890-0004-0, 1-56023-090-8pbk. $34.95, $19.95pbk. (Descriptors: Social Aspects; Political Activists; AIDS in Mass Media) (Contributors: Peter K. Manning, Michael A. Hallett, David Cannella, Austin Jones, Nancy Lynne Hogan, Mark C. Donovan, Jane Harris Aiken, Dion Dennis)

The moral, religious, and political aspects that surround AIDS, continue to haunt everyone. There are still far too many people who believe that AIDS is a moral problem where all gays need to be eliminated and then the disease will go away. Only recently have we seen a small number of religious groups finally accepting the responsibility of having great passion for the minorities that have AIDS, especially in the African-American sector. And, finally, our political leaders yo-yo around with funding and concern as their terms of office are about to expire and they seek re-election. Although there are many breakthroughs with new drug treatments, activists need to continue their pressure on everyone so that AIDS is not quietly pushed into a corner with less and less concern for those who are infected.

The papers in this book "show how the mass media and conventional wisdom have limited and constrained policy options. AIDS remains an ambiguous figure that enters and leaves the political stage, sometimes in the guise of debates about morality, sometimes about medical and social resources, and sometimes about the family and family values." These papers are important papers for everyone to read, providing an insight that should spark debate and discussion. The papers cover: "Introduction: Activism and Marginalization in the AIDS Crisis," "Gatekeeping Through Media Format: Strategies of Voice for the HIV-Positive via Human Interest News Formats and Organizations," "Truth and Deception in AIDS Information Brochures," "The Social Construction of Target Populations and the Transformation of Prison-Based AIDS Policy," "The Problem with Making AIDS Comfortable: Federal Policy Making and the Rhetoric of Innocence," "A Citizens' AIDS Task Force: Overcoming Obstacles," and "AIDS and the New Medical Gaze: Bio-Politics, AIDS, and Homosexuality."

This is a recommended book for all libraries. It should be required reading for our religious and political leaders.

805. Confronting the AIDS Epidemic: Cross-Cultural Perspectives on HIV/AIDS Education, edited by Davidson C. Umeh. 1997. Africa World Press, Inc., PO Box 1892, Trenton, NJ 08607. 340p., illus., bibliog., index. ISBN 0-86543-526-X, 0-86543-527-8pbk. $79.95, $21.95pbk. (Descriptors: Cross-Cultural Studies; Prevention) (Contributors: Caroline Blair, Nora K. Bell, Lawrence Brown, Betty W. Carrington, John B. F. De Wit, Ifeanyi N. Emenike, Sepali Guruge, Dishon Gogi, Edward J. Hart, Harm J. Hospers, Deborah J. Isenberg, Gerjo Kok, Marietta Federici-Lafarge, Patricia O. Loftman, J. Stephen McDaniel, Debra G. Morris, Lynn Morrison, Frank Machlica, Janet L. Mitchell, Kabahenda-Nyakabwa, Pearila B. Namerow, Uchenna C. Nwosu, Jerome O. Okafor, David Ojakaa, S. A. Ochola, Tim Rodgers, Helen M. Rupp, Howard C. Stevenson, Robin Y. Swift, Rosalind Thompson, Minakshi Tikoo, Davidson C. Umeh, Charles B. U. Uwakwe, Claudia L. Windal, Sterling B. Williams, Gust A. Yep)

How can society combat disease when gender inequity continues to prevail from the developed part of the world to the undeveloped? Man has always been superior, at least in the eyes of man. On the other hand, man has been the major cause of epidemics that have plagued the world, especially those epidemics that involve sex. "AIDS is a special disease. It is special because, among other things, it is tied to a topic that has almost universal conflict and myth associated with it: sexuality." This in itself has created immense problems in AIDS education. Sex is tied to procreation and any discussion of stopping procreation is a major objection by a majority of the religions throughout the world. How can one discuss condom use to combat AIDS when one knows that condoms are used, also, as a birth control method? Men are quick to suggest that their partners be surgically altered so that they cannot have children if it means having children are a threat to the women's life. On the other hand, that same man would not even think of having himself surgically altered so that he could not transmit sperm into his partner. "This book clearly points out that sexual inequities are due to gender-determined cultural, economic and political factors in practically all societies. These factors culminate in the lack of control by women over their sexuality."

The papers presented here have worldwide ramifications. They include: "Cultural and Societal Impediments to HIV/AIDS Education in the American Indian Community," "Uganda and the Challenge of AIDS," "Socio-Cultural Factors that Predispose Women to HIV/AIDS in the Middle Belt of Nigeria," "Barriers to Behavior Change: Result of Focus Group Discussion Conducted in a High HIV/AIDS Incidence Area of Kenya," "Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among African-American Adolescents," "Plan to Control AIDS: A Profile of India," "HIV/AIDS Epidemiology Affecting Special Population Groups," "AIDS Campaign in Nigeria," "Prevention of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection Among African-American Women," "AIDS and Sports Participation," "AIDS: A Community Answers the Call," "A Case Study of a Long Term Survivor of HIV Infection in a Rural Community," "Delivering Culturally Sensitive AIDS Education in Rural Communities," "Protocol 076: A New Look at Women and Children with AIDS," "We Are a Part of All that We Have Met: Women and AIDS," "Overcoming Barriers in HIV/AIDS Education for Asian Americans," "Applying Social Psychology to HIV Prevention," "HIV/AIDS Prevention Strategies Affecting Special Population Groups," "AIDS in the Black/African American Community," "Relevant Measurement of HIV/AIDS Prevention Beliefs for African American Youth," and "Sexual Abstinence: A Viable Option for Young Adolescents in HIV/AIDS Prevention."

This is an excellent book that provides a great deal of information that will be useful to others who are continuing to do research in this area. The more we understand how people think and believe, the better we can provide the right education. A recommended book for all libraries.

806. Hospital Time, by Amy Hoffman. 1997. Duke University Press, PO Box 90660, Durham, NC. 149p. ISBN 0-8223-1927-6, 0-8223-1920-9pbk. $34.95, $12.95. (Descriptors: Healthy Patients; Biography; Hospital Care; Caregivers)

This is a moving book where Hoffman "details, without flinching, what it feels like to be responsible for a friend who is dying. From the middle of an experience most of us avoid at all costs and against a backdrop of far too many deaths, Hoffman constructs a sharp political memoir about the experience of lesbian and gay families in the time of AIDS." This story about Mike Riegle provides the reader into the insight of how his lesbian and gay family stood beside him to the end. It shows that family means more than the traditional family and that lesbian and gay families have stronger ties, in some cases, than their straight counterparts. There are thousands of straight families who have taken care of their loved ones who have or are dying of AIDS. There are also thousands who never step forward to care for their sons and daughters. It is very disturbing to know that their are political and religious leaders who feel that lesbian and gay families do not count; that they are fake and a front. To those individuals, this reviewer recommends reading this book.

Even though there are gays who feel that AIDS is inevitable, Hoffman rejects this belief vehemently and pours out her hatred of AIDS. Her response to all of those who have a ho-hum attitude of acceptance is "to show up, shoulder her responsibility as a friend, stay courageous and willing to love." This is a landmark book that shows how gays and lesbians can move ahead, be heroic, and still live a life with AIDS around them all the time. A highly recommended book for all libraries.

807. AIDS and the Law Third Edition: 1998 Cumulative Supplement No. 1, Current through August 1, 1997, edited by David W. Webber. 1998. John Wiley, 605 Third Ave., New York, NY 10158-0012. 57p., index. ISBN 0-471-13542-9; 0-471-23789-2suppl. $50.00subscription, included with the purchase of the parent volume. (Descriptors: Legal aspects)

This is the first semi-annual supplement to the third edition of AIDS and the Law. Some of the recent findings include "Review recent court decisions on whether individuals with asymptomatic HIV infection are protected from discrimination," "Understand the implications of proposed congressional legislation that would mandate HIV name reporting, HIV testing of criminal defendants, and allow surgeons to require HIV test on patients," "Examine legal issues pertaining to persons with HIV as crime victims," "Comprehend the relevance to HIV education activities of the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling on free speech in cyberspace," and "Grasp the latest developments in the scope of an employer's duty to accommodate employees with AIDS who are no longer able to perform their jobs."

This supplement is a mandatory purchase for those who have the parent volume.

808. Youth-to-Youth: HIV Prevention and Young People in Kenya, by Glen Williams, Lucy Ng'ang'a, John Ngugi. 1997. Actionaid, 93 Divinity Road, Oxford OX4 1LN, United Kingdom. 57p., illus., bibliog. (Strategies for Hope Series, no. 13). ISBN 1-872502-47-4. L3.25. (Descriptors: Kenya; Young People; Social Aspects)

"AIDS was first reported in Kenya in 1984. By the end of 1995 an estimated 1 million people--7.5% of the adult population--were infected with HIV, and 70,000 children under five years of age were also HIV-positive." These are frightening figures. To make matters worse, the young people in Kenya are sexually active before they are 20, with the average age of first intercourse at 17. "About 75% of the people with AIDS in Kenya are aged between 20 and 45." Because of these facts, it has become mandatory that AIDS education be a top priority topic. Unfortunately, many of the political leaders blame the youths for their predicament and, as a result, do not provide the needed help to educate everyone. Grassroots efforts have formed such groups as the Mathare Youth Sports Association, The Fish Group, The Keny Society for People with AIDS, and The Teenage Mothers and Girls Association of Kenya.

Through these groups, the word is spread concerning AIDS and safer sex. "The case studies presented in this book demonstrate the creativity, commitment and sensitivity that Kenya's young people can bring to the fight against HIV. Youth-led initiatives have enormous, untapped potential for helping young people cope with the reality of HIV and AIDS in their midst. It is time to give the youth-to-youth approach a chance to prove itself on a wider stage." A recommended book for all libraries in Africa and for all research libraries in the rest of the world. This book is a companion book to the following book, Common Cause: Young People, Sexuality, HIV and AIDS in Three African Countries.

809. Common Cause: Young People, Sexuality, HIV and AIDS in Three African Countries, by Glen Williams, Amanda Milligan, Tom Odemwingie. 1997. Actionaid, 93 Divinity Road, Oxford OX4 1LN, United Kingdom. 65p., illus., bibliog. (Strategies for Hope Series, no. 12). ISBN 1-872502-46-6. L3.25. (Descriptors: Nigeria; Botswana; Tanzania; Social Aspects; Young People)

"This book describes how NGOs and community groups in three African countries--Botswana, Nigeria and Tanzania--have pioneered fresh approaches to sexuality education and AIDS prevention, drawing on the lessons learned in the recent past." This is a companion book to the previous book, Youth-to-Youth. As is the case in many parts of the world young people resent being preached to by their elders when the elders do not practice the best sexual behavior and they object to the silence about sexuality that is maintained by so many parents, teachers, community leaders, and politicians, and, above all, they are frustrated in being excluded from taking a role in how safer sex and AIDS education should be developed. This small book describes four organizations that are trying to work toward that common cause of unified sexual education in a part of the world that is so ravaged by AIDS. Action Health Incorporated (AHI), Botswana Family Welfare Association (BOFWA), YWCA, and The Fleet of Hope are all players in this educational process. AHI "aims to empower young people with the knowledge and skills that will help them to make informed, responsible choices about their sexual and reproductive behaviour."

BOFWA has as it aim "to promote and provide good quality reproductive and sexual health care, particularly for young people." The YWCA has created the Peer Approach to Counselling by Teens (PACT) which is based on the knowledge "that teenagers go to their peers for most of their ideas and information about sexuality and other issues of importance." The Fleet of Hope has as its goal to teach community groups about HIV and AIDS. All of these groups are having an impact on the educational process and should be watched by other countries in Africa and around the world. This is a highly recommended book along with Youth-to-Youth and should be available in all libraries and agencies throughout Africa. A recommended book for all academic libraries in the United States.

810. No Place for Borders: The HIV/AIDS Epidemic and Development in Asia and the Pacific, edited by Godfrey Linge, Doug Porter. 1997, St Martin's Press, 175 Fifth Ave., New York, NY 10010. 191p., bibliog., index. ISBN 0-312-17354-7. $49.95. (Descriptors: Asia; Social Aspects) (Contributors: Bryant Allen, Robert Bennoun, Des Cohen, Ron Duncan, Catherine Hankins, Janet Hunt, Sukhontha Kongsin, David Lim, Godfrey Linge, Phil Marshall, Rob Moodie, David Plummer, Doug Porter, Elizabeth Reid, Nedra Weerakoon)

The main purpose of this well-written book is to provide an understanding of the many facets of the AIDS/HIV problem. "The borders in its title refer not just to political lines on maps but also to the lines that people draw in their minds." The rapid infection of individuals with the HIV virus in the Asia-Pacific countries is growing at an alarming rate with the estimation that there will be more than 1.3 million individuals infected by the year 2000. Prevention and control in these countries is complicated and full of frustration. It is difficult to use the Western world's experiences because of the different sexual practices and social taboos that exist in the Asia-Pacific part of the world.

The 12 chapters cover: "HIV/AIDS and Development," "The Situation Now and Possible Futures," "The Use and Misuse of Epidemiological Categories," "The HIV/AIDS Epidemic in a Changing Region," "International Female Labour Migration: Implications of the HIV/AIDS Epidemic in the Asian Region," "HIV/AIDS and Malaysian Economic Growth: National and Regional Dimensions," "Economic Impacts of HIV/AIDS Mortality on Household in Rural Thailand," "Adding to the Pacific Nightmare," "HIV/AIDS in Rural Melanesia and South-East Asia: Divination or Description," "Non-Government Organisations: Imperatives and Pitfalls," "Enhancing National Capacity through HIV Action Research," and "On the Borders of Research, Policy and Practice: Outline of an Agenda." It is going to be difficult for these countries to provide a solution to how they should cope with the spread of the HIV virus. In most cases it boils down to the allocation of resources. Is combating HIV infection a high enough priority to allocate the limited resources that are available? We will have to wait and see what these governments think, but pressure needs to be placed on them so that this does become a high priority. At one time Thailand's population was to be close to 76 million in 2010. Now, because of AIDS, it is estimated at only 62 million.

This is an excellent book that provides much insight into the complex problems that are faced by the Asia-Pacific countries when asked to produce a plan for combating AIDS. A recommended book for all academic libraries.

811. Sites of Desire, Economies of Pleasure: Sexualities in Asia and the Pacific, edited by Lenore Manderson, Margaret Jolly. 1997. University of Chicago Press, 5801 S. Ellis Ave., Chicago, IL 60637. 367p., bibliog., index. ISBN 0-226-50303-8, 0-226-50304-6pbk. $54.00, $19.95pbk. (Descriptors: Sex Customs; Asia; Pacific Area; Sex Role; Ethnology) (Contributors: Sandra Buckley, Jeffrey Clark, Annette Hamilton, Peter A. Jackson, Margaret Jolly, John D. Kelly, Lisa Law, Lenore Manderson, Doug Porter, Adam Reed, Ann Stoler)

This volume is the result of a conference organized by the Gender Relations Project at the Australian National University in July, 1993, called "The State, Sexuality, and Reproduction in Asia and the Pacific," and from a prior meeting called "Sexuality and Gender in East and Southeast Asia," organized by the Center for Research on Women at the University of California, Los Angeles, in December 1990. "The essays included here explore several sites of desire in both Asia and the Pacific--Thailand, the Philippines, Burma/Myanmar, Japan, Fiji, Papua New Guinea, and the islands of Polynesia. They traverse equally diverse epochs too--from the first explorations of Europeans, through the climax and withdrawal of colonial power, to the contemporary connections of the global and the local in the circuits of sexual tourism, prostitution, and the HIV/AIDS pandemic."

The best way to describe what this detailed book is about is to look at the titles of the individual essays: "Sites of Desire/Economies of Pleasure in Asia and the Pacific," "Educating Desire in Colonial Southeast Asia: Foucault, Freud and Imperial Sexualities," "Contested Images and Common Strategies: Early Colonial Sexual Politics in the Massim," "Gaze and Grasp: Plantations, Desires, Indentured Indians, and Colonial Law in Fiji," "From Point Venus to Bali Ha'i: Eroticism and Exoticism in Representations of the Pacific," "Parables of Imperialism and Fantasies of the Exotic: Western Representations of Thailand--Place and Sex," "Primal Dream: Masculinism, Sin and Salvation in Thailand's Sex Trade," "Kathoey> This is an extremely interesting book to read, although not one that can be read in an evening. There is much to digest and judging from the 54 pages of notes and bibliography, there has been a great deal of research put into this research work. It is highly recommended for all academic libraries.

812. Science and Art of Living a Longer and Healthier Life, by Carl E. Bartecchi, Robert W. Schrier. 1997. Emis, Inc., PO Box 1607, Durant, OK 74702-1607. 207p. ISBN 0-929240-80-4. $14.95. (Descriptors: Health; Nutrition)

Living longer is in the minds of most people when then reach the age 40. Prior to that, there is some thought of how to live longer, but it is only a thought for most people. For young people 20 years old or younger, the thought of how to live longer is hardly a passing thought since they view themselves as indestructible. Research is showing that life expectancy has increased by about 30 years since the turn of the century. Unfortunately about 50 percent of the population will have premature deaths that are brought on by the abuse of tobacco, alcohol, and other toxic substances; having unhealthy diets; and living sedentary lifestyles. This book points out some of the simple things that individuals can do to lengthen their life. It starts out by describing some of the more common diseases that plague us: coronary artery disease, high blood pressure, stroke, cancer, diabetes, bone diseases, dementia, and HIV. It then proceeds to discuss problems that further aggravate longevity: sex, injuries, accidents, domestic violence, and drugs, followed by risk factors of smoking, cholesterol, obesity, alcohol, stress, and depression.

The section on "Disease Prevention/Health Aids" covers: "Immunizations: Increased Means of Disease Prevention," "Diet: What Are the Benefits of Fresh Fruits and Vegetables?," "Exercise: Physical and Mental Benefits," "Sleep: Importance to Personal Health," "Vitamins and Supplements," "Aspirin: The Magic Potion?," and "Estrogen and Progesterone: Benefits and Dangers." There is good sound advice in this section that would be of benefit to everyone. The book concludes with some general information on how to select a physician and the patient's responsibility for wellness. This is a good, down-to-earth discussion of ways to increase your longevity without spending a great deal of money. A recommended book for all individuals and for all libraries.

813. HIV Mental Health for the 21st Century, edited by Mark G. Winiarski. 1997. New York University Press, 70 Washington Square South, New York, NY 10012-1091. 357p., bibliog., index. ISBN 0-8147-9312-6, 0-8147-9311-8pbk. $75.00, $25.00. (Descriptors: Patients; Mental Health) (Contributors: David D. Barney, Robert L. Barret, Rebecca Bathon, G. Stephen Bowen, Martha Ann Carey, Pascal Conforti, Betty E. S. Duran, Noel Elia, Thomas Eversole, Dennee Frey, Barbara C. Kwasnik, Karen Meredith, Rosemary T. Moynihan, Michael Mulvihill, Michele Killough Nelson, Karen Oman, Kathy Parish, Marjorie H. Royle, Ariel Shidlo, I. Michael Shuff, Karina K. Uldall, William R. Wagner, Dottie Ward-Wimmer, Mark G. Winiarski, Douglas A. Wirth)

The mental health of HIV individuals has been a concern from the beginning of the epidemic. There has been much progress. Some of the progress has been brought about by the epidemiological changes that have influenced the governmental responses to health financing. "The mental health lessons of the first fifteen years of the HIV/AIDS epidemic are conveyed eloquently in this book, meant to inform the next generation of providers." Among the more visible changes are longevity of persons with AIDS, demographic changes among AIDS patients, changes in the federal response to HIV care and prevention, and changes in HIV/AIDS care financing. "The models of care described in this book emphasize at their common core a systems approach to HIV care. Comprehensive care that is planned and implemented by a partnership of all communities affected--clients, their families, providers, institutions and agencies, and others in the community--has been shown to be effective."

Topics that are discussed include the biopsychosocial/spiritual model, psychotherapy, spirituality, grief and loss, cross-cultural mental health care, secondary prevention, rural issues, mental health issues of HIV-negative gay men, working with children, models of clinical care, qualitative approaches to evaluation, politics and funding decisions, and public policy. This is an excellent review that should be in all academic and medical libraries. It should be required reading for all medical providers. We are gaining on the virus, but we cannot give up the fight and individuals cannot be led to believe that the new treatments can let them go back to their old ways of living. Mental health is at the top of the list of concerns in these days of uncertainty.

814. Evaluating HIV Prevention Interventions, by Joanne E. Mantell, Anthony T. DiVittis, Marilyn I. Auerbach. 1997. Plenum Press, 233 Spring St., New York, NY 10013. 295p., illus., bibliog., index. (AIDS Prevention and Mental Health). ISBN 0-306-45476-9. $45.00. (Descriptors: Prevention; Preventive Health Services; Evaluation)

Evaluating HIV prevention programs is key to being able to continue to fight AIDS in the most efficient manner. There have been many efforts to do this, some successful, many unsuccessful. "We still need improvements in HIV prevention program evaluation; and we need them from practitioners as well as behavioral scientists." "Practitioners sometimes hesitate to conduct evaluation because they are so busy doing--they may not feel there is time or priority for reflecting on how they are doing. The authors of this book will, I believe, persuade HIV prevention programs that there are real advantages to the process of pausing to reflect."

This excellent book is detailed in providing information on evaluation. There are 9 chapters that provide readers a wealth of suggestions: "Introduction to Evaluating HIV/AIDS Prevention Programs," "Involving Communities in Evaluation," "Evaluation Basics," "Conducting Needs Assessment," "Selecting and Evaluation Study Design," "Quantitative Measures in Evaluation," "Using Qualitative Methods," "Applying Theory to HIV Prevention Interventions," and Evaluating Individual-Level and Community-Level Interventions." A concluding chapter discusses program development and implementation, evaluation, dissemination of results, and the future of HIV/AIDS Research. The last sentence of the book sums up the importance of evaluation: "Contrary to popular opinion, evaluation does not start with the administration of a questionnaire after an intervention. It begins with the first meeting with the community to determine the content of an intervention and every step thereafter." This is a highly recommended book for all academic and medical libraries. It should be read by anyone who is administering any HIV prevention program.

815. AIDS Education and Prevention: An Interdisciplinary Journal, edited by Francisco S. Sy. Volume 9, numbers 5 and 6, October and December 1997; volume 10, number 1, February, 1998. Guilford Publications, 72 Spring St., New York, NY 10012. ISSN 0899-9546. $165.00per year, institutions; $55.00per year, individuals) (Descriptors: Education; Prevention)

This journal continues to provide state-of-the art information about AIDS and related issues that highlight the many existing and theoretical models of AIDS education and prevention. The articles are timely, covering a broad spectrum of issues. The table of contents of the three recent issues are listed below.

Volume 9, number 5, October, 1997: "Gay Youth and Their Precautionary Sexual Behaviors: The Sydney Men and Sexual Health Study," "Condom Use by Dutch Men with Commercial Heterosexual Contacts: Determinants and Considerations," "Attitudes, Norms, Self-Efficacy, and State of Change Among Out-of-Treatment Female Crack Cocaine Users: A Pilot Study," "Psychosocial Antecedents of Needle/Syringe Disinfection by Drug Users: A Theory-Based Prospective Analysis," "AIDS Knowledge and Risk Perception of Cocaine and Crack Users in a National Household Survey," and "AIDS and Condoms in Brasilia: A Telephone Survey."

Volume 9, number 6, December, 1997: "The Needs of Asians and Pacific Islanders Living with HIV in New York City," "Continued Risky Injection Subsequent to Syringe Exchange Use Among Injection Drug Users in New York City," "Cocaine Abuse Counseling as HIV Prevention," "The Impact of Multiple Bereavement in a Gay Male Sample," "Structure and Activities of Agencies Providing HIV and AIDS Education and Prevention to Latina/Latino Communities," "The Efficacy of the Health Belief Model for Predicting Condom Usage and Risky Sexual Practices in University Students," and "Finding Health and AIDS Information in the Mass Media: An Exploratory Study Among Chinese College Students."

Volume 10, Number 1, February, 1998: "Relapse Prevention as an Interventive Model for HIV Risk Reduction in Gay and Bisexual Men," "Effectiveness of an HIV Risk Reduction Counseling Intervention for Out-of-Treatment Drug Users," "Factors Related to Condom Use Among Four Groups of Female Sex Workers in Bali, Indonesia," "Cultural Feasibility Studies in Preparation for Clinical Trials to Reduce Maternal-Infant HIV Transmission in Haiti," "Source of Information for HIV Prevention Program Managers; A National Survey," "Assessing the Construct Validity of the AIDS Attitude Scale," and "Reproductive Decisions of Women at Risk for Acquiring HIV Infection."

816. Medical Alert, edited by National Association of People with AIDS. November/December, 1997. NAPWA, 1413 K St. NW, Washington, DC 20005-3442. Free to PWAs; $25.00 per year, free to PWAs. (Descriptors: Treatment; Health)

This small newsletter contains up-to-date information about drug treatments. It is intended for People with AIDS and medical providers. This issue contains articles covering "Changing Strategies: A Reflection on ICAAC (Interscience Conference on AntiMicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy)," Update on Opportunistic Infections," "HIV Prevention Watch: Bacterial Vaginosis Linked to HIV Infection," "An Easy Reference Guide to HIV Therapy," and "Nutrition Nibbles." A recommended newsletter for all HIV-positive individuals and a useful publication for all libraries.