Intelligence Community (IC): http://www.intelligence.gov/index.shtml

The Intelligence Community (defined at 50 USC 401a(4)) is a Federation of executive branch agencies and organizations that produce intelligence on hostile activities and intelligence directed against the US by foreign powers, organizations, persons and agents, and disseminates this intelligence to the President, National Security Council, Secretaries of State and Defense and other Executive Branch officials.  Each member is responsible for one or more of the six types of intelligence or Intelligence Disciplines (INT’s). There are sixteen members within the IC managed through the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI).  Some are under civilian control, some are under military command and some are under the command of both.  The Secretary of Defense however, controls almost 85% of the entire Intelligence budget giving the military monetary advantage over the civilian component the IC.  Except for the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA), all IC members are intelligence components of cabinet departments which have other roles and missions:  State Department, Justice Department, Department of Homeland Security and Department of Defense.

Organization charts:

Intelligence community (IC)—from MSNBC

Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)

Department of Defense (DoD)

Department of Homeland Security (DHS)

IC Relationships with Other Government Organizations:

There are groups within the Legislative and Executive branches of government that the IC is required to fully and currently inform of its activities including significant anticipated intelligence activities, covert action programs and significant intelligence failures.  For this purpose and for Executive and Legislative oversight the IC works closely with the National Security Council (NSC) and communicates regularly with the following:

Executive Branch

President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board (PFIAB)

President's Intelligence Oversight Board, a committee within PFIAB (IOB)

Office of Management and Budget (OMB)

Legislative Branch

Senate Select Committee on Intelligence (SSCI)

House Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence (HPSCI)

Committees occasionally involved with IC oversight:

House Armed Service Committee (HASC)

Senate Armed Services Committee

House Committee on the Judiciary

Senate Committee on the Judiciary

IC Relationships with Each Other:

Each IC member works internally to fulfill its own intelligence responsibilities but they also collaborate for this purpose and to satisfy overall IC objectives through National Centers, the majority of which were established within the last three years in response to recent legislation requiring greater communication between IC members:

National Counterproliferation Center (NCPC)

National Counterterrorism Center (NCTC)

DNI Open Source Center

National Drug Intelligence Center (NDIC)

National Virtual Translation Center (NVTC)

National Intelligence University

Pending Legislation:

NSA Oversight Act (H.R.4976)

LISTEN Act (H.R. 5371)

National Security Surveillance Act of 2006 (S.2453)

These pieces are in reaction to and to address recent National Security Agency Surveillance programs on U.S. Citizens without warrants from the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC).

Recent Legislation:

USA Patriot Act of 2001(P.L. 107-56) -- Analysis

Homeland Security Act of 2002-- Analysis

National Security Intelligence Reform Act of 2004 (PL 108-458)  -- Summary

Main Historical Statutes/Laws:

National Security Act of 1947
This Act was in response to Pearl Harbor.  It reorganized Military forces and established the National Security Council and the CIA which was the first civilian peacetime intelligence agency in the United States.

Central Intelligence Agency Act of 1949
Granted CIA director authority to spend funds without accounting for them and exempts CIA from civil service procedures allowing it to keep secret its staff size.

National Security Agency Act of 1959
First major legislation dealing directly with the NSA.  It mainly dealt with financial matters.  NSA was exempted from the requirement to provide detailed information regarding organization and function to the Civil Service Commission (now called Office of Personnel Management)   

Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act of 1978 (FISA)
 Intelligence previously had minimal oversight and this bill was passed in reaction to 14 Reports by the Church committee detailing intelligence agencies’ activities and abuses.  The act created the Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Court (FISC) to oversee requests for surveillance warrants.

Classified Information Procedures Act (PL 96-456) 
This act was passed to put procedures in place to prevent the disclosure of classified information during criminal cases.

Major Historical Executive Orders:

Executive Orders have been issued to provide intelligence professionals clear guidelines on how to perform their mission consistent with the legal rights and protections guaranteed to all U.S. persons by the Constitution.  Executive orders are frequently amended and revoked by later ones.  The status of an Executive Order may be tracked on the Disposition Tables in the Federal Register. After 9/11 many Executive Orders were issued to quickly strengthen and investigate the mission of intelligence, these can also be easily found in the Disposition Tables.

EO #10450 - Apr. 27, 1953- Security requirements for Government employment

EO#12139 - May 23, 1979- Foreign intelligence electronic surveillance

EO #12333 - Dec. 4, 1981- United States intelligence activities      

EO#12334 - Dec. 4, 1981- President's Intelligence Oversight Board

EO#12356 - Apr. 2, 1982- National Security Information   

EO#12537 - Oct. 28, 1985- President's Foreign Intelligence Advisory Board

EO#12958 - April. 17, 1995- Classified National Security Information -- Revokes Executive Order #12356                  

Congressional Research Service (CRS) Reports:

Government Access to Phone Calling Activity and Related Records: Legal Authorities May 17, 2006

Intelligence Issues for Congress—updated May 9^th

Privacy: Total Information Awareness Programs and Related Information Access, Collection and Protection Laws—                    updated March 21, 2003

The Foreign Intelligence Surveillance Act: An Overview of the Statutory Framework and Recent Judicial Decisions—updated April 21, 2005

All CRS Reports Related to Intelligence— from 2001 to present

Evaluating the Intelligence Community 1949 to 2006:

Overviews of Multiple Reports or Documents:

US Intelligence Community Reform Studies Since 1947.  Michael Warner and J. Kenneth 

McDonald, Center for the Study of Intelligence.  April 2005. http://www.odci.gov/csi/index.html

From Director of Central Intelligence to Director of National Intelligence: National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 144. Jefferey T. Richelson ed.  Dec. 17, 2004, updated Aug. 12, 2005. Includes links to documents obtained through FOIA. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB144/

The National Security Agency Declassified: National Security Archive Electronic Briefing Book No. 24. Feffrey Richelson ed.  Jan. 13, 2000, updated March 11, 2005. Includes links to documents obtained through FOIA. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB24/index.htm#doc25

Central Intelligence Origin and Evolution.  Michael Warner ed., Center for the Study of Intelligence Central Intelligence Agency Washington, DC, 2001.http://www.odci.gov/csi/books/cia_origin/Origin_and_Evolution.pdf

An Historical Review of Studies of the Intelligence Community for the Commission on the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy.  Dec. 1974. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB144/document%208.pdf

Individual Reports:

National security organization: a report with recommendations / prepared for the Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government. United States.  Committee on the National Security Organization.  Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off., 1949.

Central Intelligence Agency and National organization for intelligence: a report to the National Security Council.  Allen Welsh Dulles, William Jackson, Mathias Correa. Washington D.C. 1949. Popular Name: Dulles Report. 

Reports to the Congress. United States.  Commission on Organization of the Executive Branch of the Government. Washington: U.S. Govt. Print. Off, 1955. Popular Name: Hoover Commission’s Final Report (which includes the  Clark report).

A Review of the Intelligence Community. James R. Schlesinger, Assistant Director, Office of Management and Budget, March 1971. Popular Name: Schlesinger Report http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB144/document%204.pdf 

American Intelligence: A Framework for the Future. CIA Study Group, Oct. 13, 1975. Popular Name: Taylor Report. http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB144/document%2010.pdf

Commission on the Organization of the Government for the Conduct of Foreign Policy, June 1975.  Washington, DC: Govt. Print. Off.1975. Popular Name: Murphy Commission.

Final report of the Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activities ... together with additional, supplemental, and separate views / [Frank Church, chairman] United States. Congress. Senate. Select Committee to Study Governmental Operations with Respect to Intelligence Activites. Washington: U.S. G.P.O,  1976.  Popular Name: Church Committee Final Report.

Recommendations of the final report of the House Select Committee on Intelligence. Otis Pike. Washington: U.S. GPO, 1976. Popular Name: Pike Committee Report.

IC21: The Intelligence Community in the 21^st Century. Staff Study, Permanent Select Committee on Intelligence House of Representatives, One Hundred Fourth Congress, 1996. http://www.access.gpo.gov/congress/house/intel/ic21/ic21_toc.html

Preparing for the 21st Century: an Appraisal of US Intelligence. Commission on the Role and Capabilities of the United States Intelligence Community.  March 1, 1996

http://www.gpoaccess.gov/int/report.html

9/11 Commission Report. National Commission on Terrorist Attacks upon the United States. Washington, DC: GPO, 2004 http://www.gpoaccess.gov/911/index.html

Commission on the Intelligence Capabilities of the Regarding Weapons of Mass Destruction. March 31,  2005 --

             http://www.wmd.gov/report/report.html

Legislative Reports and hearings from 2000-present:

House:  http://intelligence.house.gov/Reports.aspx?Section=11

Senate: http://intelligence.senate.gov/pubs.htm

From the White House:

Web pages about the Patriot Act and issues surrounding Homeland Security including Intelligence issues:

Homeland Security: http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/homeland/

News Archive: http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/patriotact/archive.html

Patriot Act: http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/patriotact/

News Archive: http://www.whitehouse.gov/infocus/patriotact/archive.html