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University of Illinois at Chicago University Library



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FOIA || E-FOIA || How to file a FOIA request ||
|| Limitations of FOIA || FOIA Reading Rooms Online ||

FOIA

Originally enacted in 1966, the Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) provided a formal procedure for requesting access to federal executive agency records. The Act gives any person the right to request and receive any document, file or other record in the possession of any agency of the federal government, subject to exemptions. The Act does not require the government to create documents in response to your request, but simply to provide documents that already exist. FOIA makes it easier, quicker, and cheaper to get information form federal agency files. The amendents gave agencies 10 days to acknowledge requests, set reasonable photocopying charges, allowed for appealing denied access, and facilitated tracking down information by requiring indexes to be printed on the Federal Register.

E-FOIA

Three decades later, the Electronic Freedom of Information Act Amendments of 1996 ("E-FOIA", Public Law 104-231), broadened FOIA beyond print resources to agency records in any format, including electronic. The E-FOIA mandates that agencies honor petitions for electronic information, improve recordkeeping, and use elecronic media, such as the Internet, to increase access. It also lengthened the agency's time limit for acknowledging requests from 10 to 20 days. More details about the E-FOIA is available at the
Freedom of Information Clearinghouse.

How to File a FOIA Request

First find out which agency hold the information needed. Helpful resources are:

  • The US Governemnt Manual (Library Location: 3rd floor Docuemnts Ref. Desk) -- for description of agency structures and responsibilities.
  • The Federal Register Index(Library Location: 3rd floor Documents Shelf R9) -- the Index publishes the "Guide to Freedom of information Indexes" quarterly.
  • The Code of Federal Regulations (CFR) (Library Location: 3rd floor Documents Shelf R9). -- to find agency announcements of rules for processing request in the the Index and Finding Aids volume
Then file a request to the Issuing Agency. For instructions, please consult the following resources:
  • "Step-by-step Guide to Using the Freedom of Information Act" -- by the American Civil Liberties union
  • "Your Right to Federal Records: Questions and Answers on the Freedom of Information Act and the Privacy Act" -- by the Department of Justice
  • The Freedom of Information Act: A User's Guide -- by the FOIA Clearinghouse

Limitations of FOIA

FOIA unlocks only federal executive agency files: Congress, the judiciary, and state and local agenciesare not covered by the law. However, many states have passed their own freedom of information laws, for instance,
the Freedom of Information Act of Illinois (Ill. Rev. Stat. ch. 116, sec. 201 et seq.). FOIA pertains to agency files, not to published docuements. Access to published documents is through depository libraries, the Government Printing Office, the National Technical Information Service, and other sources. Since FOIA focuses on active records still in agency files, many historical records have been transferred to the National Archives, where they may be accessed without invoking FOIA.

FOIA Reading Rooms

Many agencies have created FOIA Reading Rooms on the Internet where the public can search for and read declassified government documents. Many of the document are in Adobe Acrobat format (to read them, you may need to download Adobe Acrobat.) Below are links to online FOIA reading rooms of interest for health policy:

  • FOIA Reading Room: Department of Health and Human Services

  • FOIA Reading Room: Health Care Financing Administration

  • FOIA Reading Room: OSHA

  • FOIA Reading Room: U.S. Food and Drug Administration

  • FOIA Reading Rooms: Other Agencies

Last updated: Saturday, 06-Mar-2004 13:09:06 CST
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