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New England Journal of Medicine: Citation Tips for the Ethics Paper

Articles: Print & Electronic | Books & Monographs | Scientific Report |
Web Pages | Other

Complete instructions for NEJM can be found at their Instructions to Authors page. The NEJM guidelines are in accordance with the “ Uniform Requirements for Manuscripts Submitted to Biomedical Journals .”

For complete details on citing in this style or for information on citing a format not listed below, please see the ICMJE page or find additional examples at the National Library of Medicine's Bibliographic Services Division.

If you have a question about citing an Internet resource, and there is no example below, check the National Library of Medicine Recommended Formats for Bibliographic Citation, Supplement: Internet Formats

The following examples are a compilation of specific NEJM examples (taken from their Instructions for Submission site) and examples from the Uniform Requirements document.

General Style Rules:

References must be double-spaced and numbered consecutively as they are cited in the paper.

Examples:

Citing Articles in Journals

• Standard Article -- List all authors when there are One to Five Authors
  Vega KH, Pina I, Krevsky B. Heart transplantation is associated with an increased risk for pancreatobiliary disease. Ann Intern Med 1996;124(11):980-3.



• More than 6 Authors -- When there are seven or more, list the first three, then “et al.”
  Shapiro AMJ, Lakey JRT, Ryan EA, et al. Islet transplantation in seven patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus using a glucocorticoid-free immunosuppressive regimen. N Engl J Med 2000;343:230-8.



• Organization as author The Cardiac Society of Australia and New Zealand. Clinical exercise stress testing. Safety and performance guidelines. Med J Aust 1996;164:282-4.



• No author
  Cancer in South Africa [editorial]. S Afr Med J 1994;84:15.
  

Citing Articles from Supplements

• Volume with Supplement
  cite as above with the supplement information added at the end:
  ... 1994;102 Suppl 1:275-82.
  
  
• Issue with Supplement
  cite as above with the supplement information added at the end:
  ... 1996;23 (1 Suppl 2):89-97

Electronic Article -- Article published on the web with no print counterpart

• Journal Article
  Morse SS. Factors in the emergence of infections diseases. Emerg Infect Dis [serial online] 1995 Jan-Mar [cited 1996 June5];1(1):[24 screens]. Available from: URL:http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/eid.htm.

Books

• Personal author(s)
  Ringsven MD, Bond D. Gerontology and leadership skills for nurses. 2nd ed. Albany (NY): Delmar Publishers; 1996.



• Editor(s), compilers(s) as author(s) Norman IJ, Redgern SJ, editors. Mental health care for elderly people. New York: Churchill Livingstone; 1996.



• Organization as author and publisher
  Institute of Medicine(US). Looking at the future of the Medicaid program. Washington (DC): The Instintute; 1992.



• Chapter in a book
  Goadsby PJ. Pathophysiology of headache. In: Silberstein SD, Lipton RB, Dalessio DJ, eds. Wolff's headache and other head pain. 7th ed. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press, 2001:57-72.

Other Monographs

• Conference Proceedings
  Kimura J, Shibasaki H, editors. Recent advances in clinical neurophysiology. Proceedings of the 105h International Congress of EMG and Clinical Neurophysiology; 1995 Oct 15-19; Kyoto, Japan. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 1996.



• Conference Paper
  Bengtsson S, Solheim BG. Enforcement of data protection, privacy and security in medical informatics. In: Lun KC, Degoulet P, Piemme TE, Rienhoff O, editors. MEDINFO 92. Proceedings of the 7th World Congress on Medical Informatics; 1992 Sep 6-10; Geneva, Switzerland. Amsterdam: North-Holland; 1992 p. 1561-5

Scientific Report from an Agency

• Issued by funding/sponsoring agency (e.g. U.S. Governmental Organization)
  Smith P, Golladay K. Payment for durablemedical equipment billed during skilled nursing facility stays. Final report. Dallas (TX): Dept. of Health and Human Services (US), Office of Evaluation and Inspections; 1994 Oct. Report No.:HHSIGOEI69200860.



• Monthly Updated Reports
  Kuczmarski RJ, Ogden CL, Grammer-Strawn LM, et al. CDC growth charts: United States. Advance data from vital and health statistics. No. 314. Hyattsville, Md.: National Center for Health Statistics, 2000. (DHHS publication no. (PHS) 2000-1250 0-0431.)



• Issued by performing agency
  Field MJ, Tranquada RE, Feasley JC, editors. Health servicesresearch: work force and educational issues. Washington: National Academy Press; 1995. Contract No.: AHCPR282942008. Sponsored by the Agency for Health Care Policy and Research.

Web Pages (for reports - see Scientific Reports above)

• General Internet Web Page
  U.S. positions on selected issues at the third negotiating session of the Framework Convention on Tobacco Control. Washington, D.C.: Committee on Government Reform, 2002. (Accessed March 4, 2002, at http://www.house.gov/reform/min/inves_tobacco/index_accord.htm.)

Other Published Material

• Public Law
  Prentive Health Amendments of 1993 Pub. L. No. 103-183, 107 Stat. 2226 (Dec. 14, 1993).



• Code of Federal Regulations
  Informed Consent, 42 C.F.R. Sect. 441.257 (1995).



• Dictionary
  Stedman's medical dictionary. 26th ed. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins; 1995. Apraxia; p. 119-20.