| Of Russian birth, he eventually studied medicine under Eduard Hitzig. Early on he was a practitioner but later he developed interest in neuroanatomy and neuropathology. He read continuously and wrote effusively with a classic outstanding Gehirnpathologie with 3000 references. Other significant publications were on lead encephalopathy, aphasia and apraxia. Together with his younger associate, Kurt Goldstein they wrote on the empiric foundation of neurology. His greatest work as a clinician was on "Die Localization in Grosshirn" and "der Abbau ler Funktion durch Korticale Herde". He introduced concepts which made present clinical neurology a truly biological science of organismal dynamics in human behavior. He also lectured on "Emotions," " Morality" and the brain. |  |