Table of Contents
Clinical Pathophysiology Review 3 8:30 AM, March 4, 2003
Respiratory Pathophysiology
COPD: Pathophysiology and Consequences
Smoking and COPD
Emphysema
Chronic Bronchitis
COPD: Therapy
Asthma
Asthma Classification
Asthma: Blood Gases
Asthma: Therapy
Pulmonary Fibrosis
Pulmonary Fibrosis: Manifestations
Pressure–Volume Curve Objectively assesses elastic recoil
Pressure–Volume Curves Obstructive vs. Restrictive Disease
Pathophysiologic Consequences (Emphysema, Decreased Elastic Recoil)
Pathophysiologic Consequences (Pulmonary Fibrosis, Increased Elastic Recoil)
Respiratory Muscles
Pulmonary Function Testing
Indications For Pulmonary Function Testing
Dynamic Lung Function Abnormalities
PFT Classification of Pulmonary Diseases
Spirometry in Pulmonary Diseases
Lung Volumes in Pulmonary Diseases
Respiratory Failure
Hypoventilatory Respiratory Failure
V/Q Mismatch Respiratory Failure
Pulmonary Shunt Respiratory Failure
Clinical Approach to Respiratory Failure
Treatment of Respiratory Failure By Type
Respiratory Acidosis and Alkalosis
Consequences of Acute CO2 Retention
Dyspnea
Acute And Chronic Dyspnea
Systemic vs. Pulmonary Circulation
Pulmonary Vascular Resistance
Pulmonary Hypertension: Etiologies
Pulmonary Hypertension: Signs
Risk Factors for DVT/Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary Embolism: Pathophysiology
Pulmonary Embolism: Symptoms
Pathophysiology of Chronic Pulmonary HTN
Sleep Medicine
Sleep Architecture (Cycles every 90–120 minutes)
Determinants of Sleep
Obstructive Sleep Apnea
OSA: Predisposing Factors
OSA: Physical Exam
Sleep Apnea: Clinicopathologic Effects
OSA: Polysomnographic Findings
OSA: Therapy
Narcolepsy Manifestations (Due to sudden onset of REM sleep)
Multiple Sleep Latency Criteria for Narcolepsy
Narcolepsy Treatment
Sports Medicine
Sports Medicine: Ligament Sprains
The Ligament Healing Process
Treatment of Ligament Sprains
Sports Medicine: Tendon Strains
Tendinosis
Dislocation
Bone Fractures: Descriptions
Fracture Healing and Treatment
Developmental Bone Disease
Achondroplasia
Spina Bifida
Other Congenital Bone/Joint Diseases
Scoliosis
Breast Disease
Nipple Discharge
Breast Cancer: Epidemiology
The National Surgical Adjuvant Breast Project Antiestrogens and breast cancer
Prognostic Factors for Breast CA
Treatment of Invasive Breast CA
Adjuvant Systemic Therapy for Breast Cancer
Family Hx Reasons to screen for BRCA1/2
Other Female Malignancies
Ovarian Cancer Risk Factors (The most common fatal genital cancer)
Ovarian Neoplasms
Ovarian Cancer: Management
Endometrial Carcinoma (The most common gynecologic CA in USA)
Squamous Intraepithelial Neoplasia (SIN) and Cervical CA
Papanicolaou Smear Indications
Reproductive Endocrinology and Gynecology
Gonadotropin Physiology
Menstrual Phases
Ovarian Hormone Synthesis
Abnormal Uterine Bleeding
Uterine Leiomyomatas (Myomas, Fibroids)
Endometriosis: Clinical
Endometriosis: Treatment
Puberty
Menopause
PPT Slide
Primary Amenorrhea (No menarche by age 16, usually genetic or anatomic)
Approach to Primary Amenorrhea
Secondary Amenorrhea (No menses x 6 months or 3 cycles)
Approach to Secondary Amenorrhea
Progestin Withdrawal Test
Geriatrics
Pathophysiology of Bedrest
Geriatrics: Vision Changes in the Elderly
Geriatrics: Hearing Changes in the Elderly
Neurology
Pyramidal Motor System
Extrapyramidal Motor System
Basal Ganglia Dysfunction
Upper Motor Neuron (Central) Weakness
Localizing an Upper Motor Neuron (Central) Weakness
Lower Motor Neuron (Peripheral) Weakness
UMN vs. LMN Weakness
Babinski’s Sign
Guillain–Barré Syndrome
Peripheral Neuropathies
Muscle Motor Weakness
Brain Edema Increased brain volume due to increased water content
Aphasia
Memory Types
Memory Loss
Acute Pain Types
Pain Pathways
Diseases of the Pain Pathways
Myasthenia Gravis
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Polymyositis
Dermatomyositis
Myophosphorylase Deficiency (McArdle’s Disease)
Tremor Characteristics
Resting (Repose) Tremor
Parkinsonism
Intention (Action) Tremor
Postural Tremor
Tremor Summary
Chorea
Huntington’s Disease
Tardive Dyskinesia
Hemiballismus
Tics
Dystonias
Bedside Visual Field Testing
PPT Slide
Neuroanatomy of the Visual System
Total Blindness
Partial Blindness
Occipital Blindness
Endocrinology
Hypothalamic Hormones
Hypopituitarism
Pituitary Tumors
Regulation of Body Calcium
Manifestations of Hypercalcemia
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Non–Primary Hyperparathyroidism
Hyperparathyroidism Summary
Evaluation of Hypercalcemia
Therapy of Hypercalcemia
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes General Rules
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia Syndromes
Osteoporosis: Etiology
Osteoporosis: Diagnosis and Treatment
Iodine Metabolism
Thyroid Hormones
Thyroid Hormone Regulation
Hypothalamic TRH Regulation
Pituitary TSH Regulation
Radioactive Iodine Uptake
Hyperthyroidism: Clinical Manifestations
Etiologies of Hyperthyroidism
Etiologies of Hyperthyroidism
Hypothyroidism: Clinical Manifestations
Etiologies of Hypothyroidism
Thyroxine Therapy
Euthyroid Sick Syndrome
Drug Effects on Thyroid Function
Cushing’s Syndrome: Manifestations (glucocorticoid excess)
Cushing’s Syndrome: Laboratory
Cushing’s Syndrome: Etiologies
Cushing’s Syndrome: Diagnostic Tests
Cushing’s Disease: Therapy
Adrenal Insufficiency: Manifestations
Diabetes Mellitus: Diagnostic Criteria Any one of the following:
Type I Diabetes Mellitus
Type II Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus: Complications
Chronic Therapy of Diabetes
Drugs For Type II Diabetes
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