THE
BLACK
HILLS: DOCUMENTS FOR
THE INVESTIGATION
Overview
Intro: The Black Hills
and the Great Plains
GIS 1: Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851
GIS 2: Red Cloud's War
GIS 3: The Transcontinental
Railroad
GIS 4: Black Hills Gold
GIS 5: The Dawes Act and
Assimilation
Epilogue: The Ghost
Dance and Wounded Knee
Conclusion: The Lakota Today
Overview
Native American Culture and the Black
Hills (in 7 parts)
http://www.blackhillsvisitor.com/main.asp?id=14&cat_id=30118&open_id=71
A very thorough overview of Sioux culture and history in the 19th
century and beyond. In seven parts, these pages could be used to
supplement or replace the textbook for this unit.
Events in the West
Timeline and Short
Summary
from PBS
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/events/
Thorough summaries of major events in the West, including but not
limited to events related to the Sioux tribes
of the Dakotas. Good
for
placing the Sioux Lands Case Study in context with the rest of the West.
The West: People
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/index.htm
Profiles of major players in the 19th century
American West, both Native and white. See especially Sherman,
Sheridan, Custer, Miles, Terry, Crook, Reno, Sitting Bull, Crazy Horse,
Gall, Big Foot, Red Cloud, Wovoka, Black Elk, and Alice Cunningham
Fletcher.
Gold Rushes in American History
http://college.hmco.com/history/readerscomp/rcah/html/ah_037200_goldrushes.htm
A narrative of the various major gold rushes in US history, from
1849-1899.
Atlas of the Sioux Wars
http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/sioux/sioux.asp
An exciting document from the Combined Arms Research Library
at Fort Leavenworth, detailing a
play-by-play
analysis (with maps) of every armed encounter between natives and
government troops
during
the Sioux Wars of 1862, 1866-68, and 1876-77.
Indian Land Cessions library
http://www.rootsweb.com/~usgenweb/maps/cessions/
Sixty-seven maps from the 1899 publication of Indian Land
Cessions in the United
States.
Indian Land Cessions in the United
States, 1784-1894
http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/amlaw/lwss-ilc.html
A digital reproduction of the complete 1899 document, with maps and
descriptions of the land cessions made by the Indian Nations throughout
the US
from 1784-1894.
The Black Hills and the Great Plains
Basic
Documents:
Primary Source Photograph: Custer's
Expedition into the Black Hills
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/six/66_01.htm
George Armstrong Custer (left center in light clothing) leads a
military expedition into the Black Hills of Dakota Territory in 1874.
Custer's incursion violated the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 and laid
the groundwork for war between the Lakota and the United States when he
announced that gold had been discovered in this most sacred of the
Lakota's lands. Photograph by William H. Illingworth.
"The Heart of Everything"
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/episodes/two/hearteverything.htm
A brief introductory text on the significance of the Black Hills to
Lakota culture and spirituality.
Stephen H. Long Quotation and Map
http://www.uic.edu/educ/bctpi/historyGIS/blackhills_1wk/bhdocs/LongQuote.html
A full quote and image of Long's original map, designating the West as
"The Great American Desert."
Supplementary Documents:
"The Great American Desert"
http://us.history.wisc.edu/hist102/weblect/lec03/03_02.htm
A brief introductory text on the significance of The Great American
Desert to American culture and mythology. Best if used in
combination with the
basic document, "Stephen H. Long Quotation and Map".
The Black Hills and the
Lakota:
Mr. Amos Bad Heart Bull's Map
http:// ???
An illustration and explanation of the Lakota's mental map of the Black
Hills. Best if used in combination with the basic document, "The
Heart of Everything."
Lakota Nation: Creation Myth
http://www.crystalinks.com/lakota1.html
Read a version of the Lakota creation myth, in which the Sioux emerge
from Wind Cave, in the Black Hills.
Lakota EthnoAstronomy
http://www.fiu.edu/~mizrachs/lakota.htm
A research paper on what the Lakota paid attention to in the heavens.
Lakota Politics:
Political Organization of the Oceti
Sakowin
http://www.sdhistory.org/arc/aig/arc_aig3.htm
A chart showing the three linguistic groups constituting a loose
confederation of siouan-speaking peoples called the Oceti Sakowin, or
Sevin Council Fires.
Geology and Ecology of the
Black Hills and Great Plains:
Tourist Pages on the Black Hills:
Paha Sapa -- The Black Hills http://www.blackhillsvisitor.com/main.asp?id=14&cat_id=30034
Bear Butte http://www.blackhillsvisitor.com/main.asp?id=14&cat_id=30007
Black Hills and Badlands Geology http://www.blackhillsvisitor.com/main.asp?id=14&cat_id=30111
Government Pages on Great Plains
Ecosystems:
Black Hills Ecosystem http://www.fs.fed.us/colormap/ecoreg1_provinces.conf?310,167
Other Great Plains Ecosystems
http://www.fs.fed.us/colormap/ecoreg1_provinces.conf?312,260
http://www.fs.fed.us/colormap/ecoreg1_provinces.conf?198,222
http://www.fs.fed.us/colorimagemap/images/332.html
http://www.fs.fed.us/colormap/ecoreg1_provinces.conf?369,343
http://www.fs.fed.us/colormap/ecoreg1_provinces.conf?369,343
http://www.fs.fed.us/colormap/ecoreg1_provinces.conf?397,391
http://www.fs.fed.us/colormap/ecoreg1_provinces.conf?397,391
Fort Laramie Treaty, 1851
Basic
Documents:
The Right of Conquest
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/episodes/three/conquest.htm
An engaging and succint description of the context and aftermath of the
Fort Laramie Treaty of 1851.
Map Links:
Trails:
The California Trail
http://www.nps.gov/cali/
A brief description of the trail by the National Park Service.
Linked to the corresponding Trail
segment inside the Sioux Lands mapview.
Forts:
Fort Laramie
http://www.nps.gov/fola/
A brief description of the fort by the National Park Service.
Linked to the corresponding Fort
symbol inside the Sioux Lands mapview.
Treaties:
Primary Document: Treaty of Fort
Laramie -- September 17,
1851
http://puffin.creighton.edu/lakota/1851_la.html
Full text of the first major treaty signed with the Indian tribes of
the Northern Plains, purportedly a peace treaty designed to
lessen
infighting between the Natives.
Linked to the corresponding Treaty
shape inside the Sioux Lands mapview.
Primary Document: Fort Laramie Map, 1851
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/three/63_09.htm
Map drawn by Father
Pierre de Smet to help clarify the division of lands negotiated in the
Fort
Laramie Treaty of 1851. Linked to the corresponding Treaty shape inside the Sioux Lands
mapview.
Battles:
The Grattan Massacre
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grattan_Massacre
More detail about the Grattan Massacre. Linked to the
corresponding Battle symbol
inside the Sioux Lands mapview.
Supplementary
Documents:
Oregon Trail 101 (FAQs)
http://www.endoftheoregontrail.org/faq.html
Frequently asked questions about the Oregon Trail.
The California Gold Rush
http://www.pbs.org/goldrush/allabout.html
Learner-friendly pagtes about the California Gold Rush.
Red Cloud's War
Basic Documents:
The
Sioux War of 1862
http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/sioux/sioux.asp#The%20Sioux%20War%20of%201862
A summary by the U.S. Army of the Minnesota Sioux uprising.
Primary Document: Sioux testimonials
on corrupt
reservation system, 1865
http://www.stolaf.edu/people/fitz/COURSES/Siouxcomplaints.htm
Several speeches by Sioux leaders at the end of the Civil
War to the visiting Congressmen complaining about a corrupt
reservations
system in Minnesota.
Red Cloud
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/i_r/redcloud.htm
A biography of Red Cloud that focuses on his role in the
Sioux War of 1866-68.
The Sioux War of 1866-1868
http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/sioux/sioux.asp#The%20Sioux%20War%20of%201866-1868
A summary of Red
Cloud's War and the conflict over the Bozeman Trail, by the U.S. Army.
Map Links:
Trails:
Bozeman Trail History
http://www.philkearny.vcn.com/bozemantrailhistory.htm
A brief history of the trail by the Fort Phil Kearny State
Historic Site. Linked to the corresponding Trail segment inside the Sioux Lands
mapview.
White Settlements:
Virginia City, Montana
http://www.virginiacitymt.com/discovery.html
A brief history of the settlement by the Virginia City Department
of Commerce. Linked to the corresponding Settlement symbol inside the Sioux
Lands mapview.
Helena, Montana
http://www.bigskyfishing.com/Montana-Info/helena-mt-2.shtm
A brief history of the settlement by a Montana tourism
site. Linked to the corresponding Settlement symbol inside the Sioux
Lands mapview.
Bozeman, Montana
http://www.bozemannet.com/area_info/history.php
A brief history of the settlement by a Montana tourism
site. Linked to the corresponding Settlement symbol inside the Sioux
Lands mapview.
Forts:
Fort Ellis
http://www.billingsgazette.com/index.php?display=rednews/2005/03/06/build/magazine/20-ellis.inc
A brief history of the fort by the Billings Gazette. Linked to
the corresponding Fort symbol
inside the Sioux Lands mapview.
Fort Reno
http://www.philkearny.vcn.com/fortreno.html
A brief history of the fort by the Fort Phil Kearny State Historic
Site. Linked to the corresponding Fort symbol inside the Sioux Lands
mapview.
Fort Phil Kearny
http://www.philkearny.vcn.com/fortphilkearny.htm
A brief history of the fort by the Fort Phil Kearny State Historic
Site. Linked to the corresponding Fort symbol inside the Sioux Lands
mapview.
Fort C.F. Smith
http://www.ultimatemontana.com/sectionpages/Section2/FortSmith/fortsmith.html
A brief history of the fort by a Montana tourism site. Linked to
the corresponding Fort symbol
inside the Sioux Lands mapview.
Fort Fetterman
http://www.philkearny.vcn.com/fortfetterman.htm
A brief history of the fort by the Fort Phil Kearny State Historic
Site. Linked to the corresponding Trail segment inside the Sioux Lands
mapview.
Battles:
The Fetterman Disaster
http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/sioux/sioux.asp#The%20Fetterman%20Disaster
A brief history of the battle by the U.S. Army. Linked to the
corresponding Battle symbol
inside the Sioux Lands mapview.
The Wagon Box Fight
http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/sioux/sioux.asp#The%20Wagon%20Box%20Fight
A brief history of the battle by the U.S. Army. Linked to the
corresponding Battle symbol
inside the Sioux Lands mapview.
Treaties:
Primary Document: Fort Laramie Treaty -- April 29,
1868
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/four/ftlaram.htm
The treaty in which the United States
recognized the Black Hills
as part of the Great Sioux Reservation -- set aside for exclusive use
by
the
Sioux people -- and declared much of the Northern plains as "unceded
Indian territory". The treaty was broken in
less than a
decade after gold was discovered in the Black
Hills. Linked to corresponding Treaty shape inside the Sioux Lands
mapview.
Supplementary Documents:
Dakota (Sioux) Uprising
http://www.mnsu.edu/emuseum/history/oldmankato/1852-1900/siouxuprising.html
An alternate or complimentary summary of the Minnesota Sioux uprising
(see basic document, "The Sioux War of 1862")
Minnesota
Civil War Battles
http://www2.cr.nps.gov/abpp/battles/MNmap.htm
An interactive map with links to brief descriptions of
battles fought between natives and Union troops during the Civil War,
compiled by
the Heritage
Preservation Service.
North Dakota Civil War Battle
Summaries
http://www2.cr.nps.gov/abpp/battles/NDmap.htm
An interactive map with links to brief descriptions of
battles fought between natives and Union troops during the Civil War,
compiled by
the
Heritage Preservation Service.
Historic Overview of Red Cloud's War
http://www.philkearny.vcn.com/overview.htm
An alternate or complimentary summary of Red Cloud's War and the
conflict over the Bozeman Trail (see basic document, "The Sioux War of
1866-1868")
The Transcontinental Railroad
Basic Documents:
Summary and Images:
The Railroad's Impact on Plains
Indians
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/tcrr/sfeature/sf_interview.html
A series of thoughtful responses by Thomas Bowlus,
Distinguished Professor of American Indian History and Director of the
Center for Indigenous Nations Studies at the University of Kansas,
in an interview about the West before white settlement, the impact of
the
railroad on Native American life, and the near-extinction of the
American buffalo.
Expansion Images
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/five/
Beautiful and revealing images of the awe-inspiring, untamed
West and the men who pioneered its exploration and development.
Railroad Expansion and
Homesteading:
The Pacific Railway Act 1862
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/five/railact.htm
An Act to aid in the Construction of a Railroad and
Telegraph Line from the Missouri River to the Pacific
Ocean.
Homestead Act 1862
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/statutes/homestead_act.htm
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/five/homestd.htm
An Act to Secure Homesteads to Actual Settlers on the Public
Domain.
Homesteading Maps and Fliers, Great Plains
http://autry-museum.org/explore/exhibits/sod/history.html#desert
Electronic images of original maps and fliers promoting the
settlement of “the great American desert.”
Bison:
North American Bison Fact Sheet
http://www.hww.ca/hww2.asp?pid=1&cid=8&id=97
A well-written fact sheet on the North American bison, including
descriptions of habitat, range, and conservation.
Bison History: Where the Buffalo Roam
http://www.bisoncentral.com/history/history.asp
A brief but interesting page on herd size and decline of the North
American bison, with links to a before-and-after map of bison range,
and a list of how different parts of the bison were used in Plains
Indian culture.
Buffalo and the Black Hills Region
http://www.blackhillsvisitor.com/main.asp?id=14&cat_id=30165&open_id=71
A brief history of Bison in the Black Hills region.
Map Link:
The Race to Utah!
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/tcrr/sfeature/sf_map.html
An interactive map of the transcontinental railroad's constructionl by
PBS.
Linked to the corresponding Railroad
segment inside the Sioux Lands mapview.
Supplementary Documents:
The Homestead Act: Description
http://users.rcn.com/deeds/homestead.htm
A brief background of the act and the people who became
“homesteaders.”
The Buffalo
Harvest
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/five/buffalo.htm
The life and times of a "buffalo runner" in the
1870's.
Buffalo
Hunt, 1846
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/buffalo.htm
Historian Francis Parkman gives an eyewitness account of a
buffalo hunt.
Black Hills Gold
Basic Documents:
The Discovery of Gold
in the Black Hills:
Primary Source Photograph: Custer's
Expedition into the Black Hills
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/six/66_01.htm
George Armstrong Custer (left center in light clothing) leads a
military expedition into the Black Hills of Dakota Territory in 1874.
Custer's incursion violated the Fort Laramie Treaty of 1868 and laid
the groundwork for war between the Lakota and the United States when he
announced that gold had been discovered in this most sacred of the
Lakota's lands. Photograph by William H. Illingworth.
The 1874 Custer Expedition to the
Black Hills
http://www.blackhillsvisitor.com/main.asp?id=14&cat_id=30136
A description of the circumstances surrounding Custer's illegal
expedition to the Black Hills.
Report of the Commissioner of Indian
Affairs: November 1,
1874
http://www.csusm.edu/nadp/r874001a.htm
A government report detailing the problems and possible
solutions to “the Sioux problem,” notable for its dismissal of the
amount of
gold in the Black Hills as having been “exaggerated.”
Letter from General Custer: Gold in
the Black Hills
http://monroe.lib.mi.us/hs_special_collections_custer_news_black_hills.htm
An indignant response to the Commissioner's Report, written by General
Custer. Fascinating for its strange mixture of sympathy and
harshness towards Indians.
Little Bighorn/Greasy Grass:
"A Good Day to Die"
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/episodes/six/tatanka.htm
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/episodes/six/goodday.htm
Transcripts from the episode of PBS 'The West', discussing The Battle
of Little Big Horn with a focus on Sitting Bull.
Custer’s Last Stand: An
Eyewitness
Account
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/custer.htm
George
Herendon
told his eyewitness story to a reporter about the battle at Little Bighorn River.
The Battle
of Little Bighorn: An Eyewitness Account by Lakota Chief Red Horse
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/six/bighorn.htm
Lakota Chief Red Horse tells his own version of the Battle
of Little Bighorn five years later in 1881.
Map Links:
Gold Rush:
Mining in South Dakota
http://www.newberry.org/k12maps/module_08/index.html
An interactive feature based on a map that accompanied mining
engineers'
reports to the Caledonia Gold Mining Company. Through analysis of the
reports and the three views shown on the map, students will learn about
the various changes to the landscape brought about by mining
operations. Linked to the corresponding Gold Rush symbol inside the Sioux
Lands mapview.
White Settlements:
Deadwood
http://adamsmuseumandhouse.org/answers/deadexists.html
A brief history of the settlement by the Adams Museum. Linked to
the corresponding Settlement symbol
inside the Sioux
Lands mapview.
Rapid City
http://www.rapidcitycvb.com/pg/dc/profile/history.html
A brief history of the settlement by a tourism
site. Linked to the corresponding Settlement symbol inside the Sioux
Lands mapview.
Forts:
Fort Buford
http://www.state.nd.us/hist/buford/buford.htm
A brief history of the fort by the North Dakota State Historical
Society. Linked to the corresponding Fort symbol inside the Sioux
Lands mapview.
Fort Abraham Lincoln
http://www.ndparks.com/Parks/lincoln/History.htm
A brief history of the fort by the North Dakota Parks and Recreation
Department. Linked to the corresponding Fort symbol inside the Sioux
Lands mapview.
Battles:
The Sioux War of 1876-77
http://www-cgsc.army.mil/carl/resources/csi/sioux/sioux.asp#The%20Sioux%20War%20of%201876-1877
In depth, play-by-play analysis of "the Sioux War" of 1876-77, written
from the perspective of the US Army. Linked to the
corresponding Battle symbols
inside the Sioux Lands mapview.
Treaties:
Document: Acts of
Forty-Fourth
Congress: Feb 28, 1877
http://www.usd.edu/iais/siouxnation/1877act.html
The “treaty” document that was signed after the final defeat
of the Sioux, ordering the removal of all Sioux to Indian
Territory. Linked to corresponding Treaty shape inside the Sioux Lands
mapview.
Supplementary Documents: Biographies
Sitting Bull
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/sittingbull.htm
Crazy Horse
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/crazyhorse.htm
Gall
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/d_h/gall.htm
George Armstrong Custer
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/custer.htm
Reno
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/i_r/reno.htm
Terry
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/terry.htm
Crook
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/crook.htm
Aftermath: The Dawes Act and Assimilation
Basic
Documents:
Indian Policy Reform 1881
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/seven/indpol.htm
An excerpt from President Chester Arthur’s first Annual
Report to Congress in which he encourages, in effect, the forced
assimilation
of Indian tribes to American culture.
"The Outcome of Our
Earnest Endeavors"
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/episodes/eight/ourearnest.htm
Read
about Alice
Cunningham Fletcher's well meaning but misguided efforts
to help Native Americans through the Dawes Act.
Dawes Act: 1887
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/dawes.htm
http://www.yale.edu/lawweb/avalon/statutes/native/dawes.htm
Authorized the President
of the United States to survey Indian tribal land and divide
the arable area into allotments for the individual Indian.
Map Link:
Act of 1889
http://www.sioux.org/act_of_1889.html
An act to further divide the reservations of the Sioux. Linked to
corresponding Treaty shape
inside the Sioux Lands
mapview.
Supplementary Documents:
Camping with the Sioux
http://www.nmnh.si.edu/naa/fletcher/fletcher.htm
A very well-designed presentation of the diary of Alice
Cunningham Fletcher, a white ethnologist who lived with Sioux women for
over
six weeks and wrote copious diary entries about what she observed. Includes a photo gallery and a library of
folktales recorded by Fletcher. Highly
recommended.
Wikipedia.com
Dawes Act Summary
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dawes_Act
An encyclopedia background and summary of the Dawes
Act.
Unratified Agreement: 1882
http://puffin.creighton.edu/lakota/1882_v.html
This agreement, unratified by Congress, concerns the further
division of Lakota lands.
Document Investigation: The Ghost Dance and Wounded Knee
Summaries &
Images:
Wounded Knee: TV News
http://www.msnbc.com/onair/msnbc/timeandagain/archive/wknee/default.asp
A companion site to a television special linking the
Massacre of Wounded Knee of 1890 to the Siege of Wounded Knee in 1973.
Like Grass Before the Sickle
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/program/episodes/eight/likegrass.htm
An in-depth account of the Ghost Dance and Wounded
Knee, peppered with eye-witness quotations.
Ghost Dance/Wounded Knee Images
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/
The Ghost
Dance Source Documents:
Wovoka, The Messiah Letter (1890)
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/gdmessg.htm
The message that sparked the Ghost Dance movement.
Harper’s Weekly on the
Ghost Dance, 1890
http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/toc/modeng/public/HarChie.html
A very disparaging Anglo view of the “dangerous” Ghost
Dance, published in Harper’s Weekly in 1890, and accusing spiritual
leaders
such as Sitting Bull of being delusional troublemakers
White Settler's Reactions to the
Ghost Dance
http://www.msnbc.com/onair/msnbc/timeandagain/archive/wknee/telegrams.asp
Assorted telegrams and newspaper accounts written by white settlers
regarding the Ghost Dance.
Secondary Documents
The Ghost Dance Among the Lakota,
1890
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/gddescrp.htm
An eyewitness account by Mrs. Z.A. Parker of the Ghost Dance
at Pine Ridge Reservations
The Indian Ghost Dance and War, 1890
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/wkballad.htm
A barracks ballad by a member of the Ninth Cavalry.
Wounded Knee
Source Documents:
Eyewitness to the Massacre: Wounded Knee, 1890
http://www.eyewitnesstohistory.com/knee.htm
mixed-blood Sioux who served as
an interpreter for the Army later recounted what he saw that Monday
morning.
An Account of Sitting Bull’s Death,
1891
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/sbarrest.htm
By the Indian Agent who ordered Sitting Bull’s arrest.
Lakota Accounts of the massacre at Wounded Knee (1891)
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/wklakota.htm
The survivors speak.
Perspectives on Wounded Knee
http://www.msnbc.com/onair/msnbc/timeandagain/archive/wknee/ownwords.asp
Quotations from various witnesses, both Native and Anglo American.
General Miles on the Sioux Outbreak,
1891
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/resources/archives/eight/wkmiles.htm
A commander's view of the last Indian uprising.
Supplementary Documents: Biographies:
Sitting Bull
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/sittingbull.htm
Big Foot
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/a_c/bigfoot.htm
Wovoka
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/wovoka.htm
Sherman
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/sherman.htm
Sheridan
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/s_z/sheridan.htm
Miles
http://www.pbs.org/weta/thewest/people/i_r/miles.htm
U.S. Grant the President
http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/amex/presidents/18_grant/index.html
A brief biographical sketch, with a link to the full American
Experience website about the 18th President, Ulysses S. Grant.
The Lakota Today
Tribe
Websites:
Lakota Home Page
http://puffin.creighton.edu/lakota/
The Lakota tribe has its own website…
Official Tribe Websites
http://puffin.creighton.edu/lakota/index_tribes.html
…as do a number of other Sioux tribes.
Tourism:
Visitor Etiquette in American Indian
Communities
http://www.travelsd.com/history/sioux/etiquette.asp
Advice for respectful visitor etiquette on reservations.
Great Sioux Nation
http://www.blackhillsbadlands.com/go.asp?ID=102
http://www.travelsd.com/history/sioux/index.asp
Two tourism websites highlighting the Great Sioux Nation as an
attraction.
Sioux Tribes
http://www.travelsd.com/history/sioux/tribes.asp
Informative descriptions of the modern-day reservations of
the Sioux, tribe-by-tribe.
Crazy Horse Memorial
http://www.blackhillsbadlands.com/external.asp?url=www.crazyhorse.org/
Official website of the controversial Native counterpart to Mount Rushmore, the Crazy Horse Memorial.
Government
Agencies:
Bureau of Indian Affairs
http://www.doi.gov/bureau-indian-affairs.html
Site for the government agency responsible for the administration and
management of 55.7 million acres of land held in trust by the United
States for
American Indians, Indian tribes, and Alaska Natives