February 4, 2004
A: FROM MENTOR JACQUI JURGA IN MA
Hello Renee,
Your project sounds very interesting. I would personally tend to think
outside of the box. Yes, steel beams and girders are used today and have
simplified architecture, however, if you look at history and how many
structures that are still intact after centuries, you need to investigate
how, with primitive tools, did they do it.
Ancient bridges, still standing, when many of our newer ones have eroded
away are not flat. They are rounded with a keystone holding the two halves
(arcs) together giving it great strength. The road on top of them may
look flat, but it is an arc that is giving the structure strength. Another
example of round being the geometry of strength is an Eskimo Igloo. An
Arc with both ends secured is stronger than a horizontal beam attached to
vertical columns. If you see a flat bed truck on the highway without a
load on it -- you will see that it is not really flat. There is a slight
arc to it which gives it more strength to hold a heavier load.
Structures like the pyramids are big at the base then get smaller as they
rise which also makes them stronger. This is a case where an upside down
'V'
shape .../\..... is used for strength. If your project must have straight
beams used... I would form them into that upside down 'V' to hold up your
structure.
Otherwise I would tend to go with an arc base . Good luck!
********************
February 3, 2004
A: FROM MENTOR AMY IVES IN KY
A typical building system consists of vertical members called columns
and horizontal members called beams, joists, girders, purlins, etc.
Columns are typically I-beams, tubes or pipes although other members can
be used depending on the situation. Such members are good at supporting
axial loads (in this instance, loads bearing directing down on the end
of the column). Columns also withstand loads applied from horizontal
members such as beams, wind or seismic loads applied to the building,
etc. Horizontal members span from column to column or member to member
and create a framework to support roofing material or individual floor
loads/materials. The layout of horizontal members varies depending on
the loads applied and the type of members being used. To begin laying
out the structure, set a column grid based on the given floor plan.
When laying out columns it is important to avoid exterior obstacles such
as doors and windows. It is also important to look at the interior room
layout to make sure columns aren't in the middle of hallways, doorways,
etc. Strive for uniformity in column spacing because it simplifies the
layout of horizontal members (more uniform lengths and sizes) which is
more cost effective and easier for construction. Add horizontal members
spanning from column to column and then from member to member depending
on the type of members used. Keep in mind your spacing depends on the
span of the members, the loads being applied and the spanning capability
of the roofing or flooring material. This is a simplified scenario as
I'm not sure how detailed of a project this is. If you have questions
or need more detailed suggestions feel free to send them in to GEM-SET@uic.edu.