A: FROM MENTOR DOROTHY ZACHMANN PSYCHIATRIST IN BRIDGEPORT, CT
The field of medicine is so vast and so specialized that you can choose to do direct patient care in any primary care specialty or in many subspecialties or go to the other extreme and never see a patient and only do research. In my
opinion the field just opens tremendous possibilities and is a great life experience.

A: FROM DESIREE BUTTER, MD, MERCY FAMILY HEALTH ASSOCIATES IN PITTSBURGH, PA
Almost every job/profession in the medical field involves interaction with people. There are a few, however, that do not i.e. laboratory/research technicians, pathologists, administrative jobs.
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Q: FROM MENTEE LAUREN H. IN KY
What are the most common degrees that teachers obtain?

A: FROM MENTOR DANELL OLIVER-COLLINS, RETAIL INDUSTRIAL DESIGNER AT HALLMARK
CARDS, INC. IN KANSAS CITY, MO
The best thing to do is to decide what subject you want to teach and get a degree in that subject. Or, if you are not sure what subject you would like to teach, you can get a degree in the sciences (biology, physics, physical science). Science teachers are in great demand.

A: FROM MENTOR MARSHA SEGEBARTH, INSTRUCTOR OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY AT UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN INDIANA
Initially, a B.S. or B.A. degree is obtained. In elementary ed or middle school education this degree will likely be an
education degree. Beginning at the high school level the degree will more likely be in a major area (English, Biology, math, etc.) with teaching courses included in order to obtain a teaching certificate. This enables one to teach in a particular area in high school. High school teachers must be certified in their area. For example, someone with a degree in history would most likely not be certifed to teach science or math courses. Once the B.S. or B.A. is obtained (which one varies from school to school and the requirements may differ as well) a teacher must obtain his/her Master's degree within 10 years. Once he or she begins their Master's they have 5 years to finish it. Beyond the Master's, Rank 1 certification (which is 30 credit hours beyond the master's) earns its holder a sizeable increase in pay. Unfortunately, obtaining a doctorate (Ph.D. or Ed.D.) is not monetarily rewarded. If one desires to teach at the community college level she must have 18 credit hours at the graduate level to teach in that particular area. Thus,
if you wanted to teach college algebra you would need 18 graduate hours (beyond the B.S.) in math. If you desire to teach at the 4-yr. college level it is almost essential to hold a doctoral degree.

A:FROM MENTOR SUZANNE FRANKS, PHD, DIRECTOR WOMEN IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
PROGRAM AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KS
Lauren, I have a long answer for teachers in the K-12 Schools and a shorter answer for college and university professors. If you mean a teacher in the K-12 schools, then it is most likely that the teacher will have an education degree. This is usually a four-year bachelor's degree program that includes the opportunity to do a teaching internship under the supervision of an experienced teacher. If you are going to be a kindergarten or grade school teacher, it is a good idea to make sure your undergraduate program will include courses on child development and child psychology. And you will also want to be sure that you take enough courses in science and math to be comfortable with these subjects, as you will have to teach them to your students. Grade school teachers are the first introduction to science and math for most students, and you want to make sure you can do a good job and get them excited about it and help them feel confident with it. Teachers in middle and high school usually specialize in a particular subject. Though most schools don't require it, you might want to consider getting a dual degree in education and in the subject area you want to teach. For example, to be a math teacher, you might get a dual degree in mathematics and education. My school, Kansas State University, has a special program in physics education for those who want to teach physics. You can also choose to specialize as a teacher in things like gifted or special education. Or you can train to become a school counselor. You might want to get a degree in psychology for something like that. Many teachers go back to school, after they have been teaching for awhile, to get a master's degree in education. This can usually be done with evening courses while continuing to work. Usually after you get a master's degree you will be paid more. A master's degree will be necessary if you want to move up in school administration, and you will probably have to get a doctorate degree (a PhD) in education if you want to become
a principal or superintendent. To become a college or university professor, in most cases you will have to have the doctorate (PhD) degree. First, you get your bachelor's degree. Then, you apply to a graduate school to work
on your PhD. You would get your PhD in whatever field you are interested in teaching. Here's something nice to know: most people who go to graduate school for the PhD in science, math, or engineering do NOT have to pay for their graduate education! Graduate students in these fields, unlike other fields, usually have their tuition and fees paid and receive a small monthly stipend, usually at least $1000, to be a student!
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Q: FROM MENTEE LINDSEY M.
What are some of the good and bad aspects of working in a hospital compared to working in a doctor's office?

A: FROM MENTOR MARTY WOELFEL, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF BIOLOGY AT KENTUCKY STATE
UNIVERSITY IN FRANKFORT, KY
I'm no expert here (having not worked in either place), but here are some pros and cons that occur to me as a person who (1) teaches medical microbiology, (2) has a professional interest in health care, and (3) has spent my share of time being a patient in both settings: By definition, in a hospital you deal much more with REALLY sick people--people who are "critically ill"--than in a doctor's office or clinic. The potential for things to "go bad in a hurry" are more in a hospital than in a clinic or doctor's office. In a hospital you are more likely to deal directly with death
and dying than in a doctor's office. The "team" of people you work with is also likely to be much larger, with each person in the team being more specialized in what they do every day. If you are interested in a medical/health related career, it would be a really good thing for you to spend some time volunteering in a hospital and a doctor's office so you can see for yourself the differences between the two. The important thing is not which environment you choose--both environments are essential and equally challenging but are different in their ways of work and their "work rhythms"--but that you choose the environment to which you are most suited personally.

A: FROM MENTOR MARGO AUXTER, RADIATION THERAPIST, AT ST. JOHN'S HOSPITAL IN
TULSA, OK
Often times there is more job security in a hospital setting, and sometimes more and different benefits. Benefits may include daycare, more room for promotion or change without losing benefits you have worked years to build up. On the down side, if your job requires shift work in a hospital (like nursing), you may be asked to work an extra shift if staffing is inadequate. For the most part in an office setting, you work 8-5 type hours. Sometimes office staff gets some pretty nice perks, too. I know a doctor who has taken his entire staff to Hawaii several times. You won't see that in a hospital! A lot of it depends on what type of work you do, and what benefits are important to you.
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Q: FROM MENTEE AMANDA H. IN KY
What are some high school classes I would need to take if I want to be a pediatrician when I grow up?

A: FROM MENTOR MARTY WOELFEL, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF BIOLOGY AT KENTUCKY STATE
UNIVERSITY IN FRANKFORT, KY
Amanda, another GEM-Set student asked a similar question several weeks ago. It's a good question to ask! Here's part of what I said then: The most important courses for you to take in high school--regardless of your career choice--are those that will help you get an excellent preparation in basic learning skills. So, even though courses such as English (both writing and in reading literature) and mathematics may not seem directly related to your career goal, courses such as these are essential for you to become a better learner. In Kentucky, you need also to be sure to follow the "pre-college curriculum" for your other high school courses as well. In the sciences, for instance, most
Kentucky students take at least one year of biology and one year of other science (most often chemistry) as part of the pre-college curriculum. Don't avoid the "hard" courses your school offers--you need to take challenging courses to build your "mental muscle" and learning skills. So, take the toughest English, math, and science courses your high school offers. The idea here is to get as well prepared for college as you possibly can. To get into the college of your choice, you'll need to have a good high school record (including the pre-college curriculum) and do as well on tests such as the ACT and SAT. Those tough courses will better prepare you for scoring well on your college entry exams. (Take those exams more than once, too--practice often helps !)
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NEW QUESTIONS!
Q: FROM STEFANEY B. IN MASSACHUSETTS
What is the preparation to become an archeologist?

Q: FROM STEFANEY B. IN MASSACHUSETTS
Is an anthropologist considered to be a scientist?

Q: FROM SATTIA S. IN MASSACHUSETTS
What are the requirements to become a Science Teacher for elementary students?

Q: FROM MENTEE LEEANN M. IN KY
During this time of sorrow, how can our nation's science help us get through the war on terrorism?

Q: FROM MENTEE CHRISTINE B. IN CT
I know that most colleges like to see applicants that have taken honors classes. I have recently heard that some colleges look at the number of classes that you have taken at an honors or AP level. My school has very demanding
honors classes. I take only three and I usually have about four hours of work a night. I have friends at other schools who take all honors classes and they only have two or three hours of work a night. Will I be penalized because of
this even though my school is accredited?

Q: FROM MENTEE ALLISON R. IN KY
How many years does it take to get a degree to become an OB-GYN doctor?

Q: FROM MENTEE DANIELLE R. IN VERMONT
What is the best (for the under $18,000/per year) college for Computer Technology (hardware/repair) in VT or NH.

Q: FROM MADDIE W. IN KY
Are there any high school classes that I meet to be certain l take in order to major in biology or forensic sci.?
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END
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GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 4, 2001
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The discussion moderators have received several questions about how to send a message to GEM-SET. If you want to ask a question or respond to a question, send all comments to GEM-SET@uic.edu. And remember, all daily digest participants are invited to ask questions to mentors and/or mentees. You can ask a specific person or you can ask the entire list and see who is able to respond. Lately mentees have been asking all the questions. It is certainly okay for mentors to ask questions to the mentees also. Here's today's daily digest:
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Q: FROM STEFANEY B. IN MASSACHUSETTS
What is the preparation to become an archeologist?

A: FROM MENTOR CHANDRA INGLIS, ARCHAEOLOGIST in CHARLESTON, WV
Prior to going to college I took a sociology course, and an advanced biology course that taught me how to write scientific papers (that was extremely helpful). There are a lot of colleges that offer summer classes for high school students in Archaeology. Additionally, most colleges that have an Anthropology degree offer Field Schools during the summer, that you could sign up to take, or just volunteer to work at. A local museum, may offer some of the same things. In undergraduate work you will typically graduate with a degree in Anthropology, and a concentration in one of the sub-fields such as Archaeology, or Physical Anthropology. Further Graduate work allows you to
narrow down your specialty. Take advantage of the WEB to search out oppourtunities near you. This Web site offers a more complete description of the field, how to prepare and how to search for oppourtunities http://www.museum.state.il.us/ismdepts/anthro/dlcfaq.html#two
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Q: FROM STEFANEY B. IN MASSACHUSETTS
Is an anthropologist considered to be a scientist?

A: FROM MENTOR JOAN LUSK, ASSOCIATE DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL AND ASSOCIATE
PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY AT BROWN UNIVERSITY IN PROVIDENCE, RI
The National Science Foundation has some programs that include anthropology. Some aspects of this social science are more quantitative than others - I'm thinking of demography. If your definition of science is based on the ability to form hypotheses and test them, holding all variables but one constant, well, the more you work on human behavior the harder it is to do that. But cosmologists can't really set up parallel universes to test their ideas, either.
In my opinion, a person is thinking like a scientist whenever she asks, "what could _disprove_ my ideas?" and pursues that line of inquiry.

A: FROM MENTOR CHANDRA INGLIS ARCHAEOLOGIST in CHARLESTON, WV.
Yes, an Anthropologist is considered to be a Social Scientist. Luckily due to the nature of the work, Anthropologists also incorporate other sciences like chemistry, medicine, and computer science into the study.

A: FROM MENTOR SUZANNE FRANKS, DIRECTOR, WOMEN IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
PROGRAM AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KS
Stefaney, that can depend on who you are talking to! Some people say that it is a "social science" and some people say that it is "science". If you are an anthropologist who works in areas like cultural anthropology or linguistic anthropology (studying cultures around the world, or studying languages) then you might be considered more of
a social scientist or even sometimes more in the humanities. If you are an anthropologist who works in archaeology or physical anthropology then you are more of a "traditional" scientist (and will probably take more science and mathematics courses than other kinds of anthropology.)
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Q: FROM SATTIA S. IN MASSACHUSETTS
What are the requirements to become a Science Teacher for elementary students?

A: FROM MENTOR MEG WILLIAMS, TECHNICAL MANAGER AT COMPAQ COMPUTER CORPORATION IN NASHUA, NH
I have been researching these requirements as I have been thinking about a making a career change. My research has been in primarily into the requirements for New Hampshire. Each state has their own set of specific requirements, but generally you will need a degree in Elementary Education K-6, some schools offer a K-8 degree. This can be at a Bachelors or Masters level. The programs typically have Math and Science courses in the degree requirements. However, I would also recommend that you take advance courses in some combination of physics, chemistry, biochemistry, astronomy, biology, and computer programming. Children have a natural wonder about how things
work, so the more that you know as the teacher the more you can tap into that natural curiosity. In NH in addition to having a degree, teachers have to take and pass a set of tests in Math, Reading and Writing before they can be certified to teach. I believe that is also true in other states including Mass.
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Q: FROM MENTEE LEEANN M. IN KY
During this time of sorrow, how can our nation's science help us get through the war on terrorism?

A: FROM MENTOR CHARLENE CASSIDY, P.E., AT PARSONS BRINCHERHOFF QUADE &
DOUGLAS, INC, IN PITTSBURGH, PA
There are a vast number of ways that our nations scientist's, medical professionals, and engineers can help us to get through our war on terrorism and also recover from the devastating tragedy of Sept. 11. From the civil engineer's perspective -- on the home front, we will contribute by evaluating the structural integrity of buildings surrounding the WTC site and designing necessary measures to reinforce them if there are deficiencies, working with the clean-up personnel to safely remove debris, preparing plans for reconstruction of the subway tunnel under the site, and roadway networks surrounding the site, and reconstruction of the buildings themselves among other things. In Afghanistan, now that ground troops are arriving, temporary roadways, bridges, support structures may be required for effective troop movements. Once the war is over, rebuilding roadway networks and buildings in Afghanistan will be a vital step to help the country begin functioning again. Civil engineers from all over the world will likely be involved in that effort.

A: FROM MENTOR SUZANNE FRANKS, DIRECTOR, WOMEN IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
PROGRAM AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KS
Leeann, that is a good question. I don't have all the answers but I have a few thoughts to share with you. In the short term, scientists and engineers are helping out a great deal in the responses to the Sept. 11 terrorist attacks. Engineers are leading the study of the wreckage at the Pentagon and the World Trade Center, to understand just how the buildings collapsed and why, in detail. With this information, they will be able to design safer buildings - buildings
that can stand longer and give people more time to escape in a catastrophic event such as an earthquake or a bombing. Many people feel that the unique engineering design of the World Trade Center towers was what enabled the towers to stand long after the airliners hit, giving many thousands of people time to escape, and causing them to collapse down when they failed, rather than falling over sideways and causing even more destruction to buildings
around them. Recent reinforcements to the Pentagon, completed before Sept. 11, helped it withstand the airplane crash better than it would have done so otherwise. Scientists have been working, and continue to do so, on better
diagnostic tests (for example, to be able to tell very quickly if someone has anthrax or the flu) and better treatments (new and stronger antibiotics, other kinds of medicines.) Scientists and engineers work to help develop the information gathering systems that our government's intelligence agencies use; to develop missiles and the systems that guide them; and to support military efforts in other ways. Some people think that it is good to do this kind of work, and other people choose not to do military work. Scientists and engineers are working on better screening systems for airport detectors, ones that don't just detect metal, but that might be able to tell, for instance, if someone had recently been working with plastic explosives or dangerous chemicals or other things. Engineers will be working on design changes to airliners, such as cockpit doors that lock from the inside, cockpit communicators that
can't be turned off, and other changes. These changes should help make airplanes safer. Most of these examples deal with coming up with better responses to problems, or coming up with technology to track down those who do wrong. But scientists and engineers are also very much involved with the things that will make life better for everyone - and that, ultimately, I hope, will help create a world where there is little incentive for anyone hurt others,
because all have what they need. These things include: better health care treatments and devices, making them more effective and more affordable; sustainable agriculture; improvements in crop yield; creating safe drinking water supplies for people all over the world; solving pollution problems and other environmental hazards; developing
alternative sources of energy; and many, many other things.
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Q: FROM MENTEE CHRISTINE B. IN CT
I know that most colleges like to see applicants that have taken honors classes. I have recently heard that some colleges look at the number of classes that you have taken at an honors or AP level. My school has very demanding
honors classes. I take only three and I usually have about four hours of work a night. I have friends at other schools who take all honors classes and they only have two or three hours of work a night. Will I be penalized because of
this even though my school is accredited?

A: FROM MENTOR RAMONA GRAY, STAFF CHEMIST AT MERCK & CO. IN NJ
Yes, colleges/universities look at your honors/AP classes so the fact that you're taking any at all is good. Schools also look at other factors including extracurricular activities. Most schools don't want a student that has spent their entire high school years in the books. They want well rounded students who have taken the time to participate in sports, student government, volunteering, etc. What I'm trying to say is don't overwhelm yourself with so much work that you miss out on also having fun, opening yourself to new experiences and becoming well rounded.

A: FROM MENTOR JOAN LUSK, ASSOCIATE DEAN OF THE GRADUATE SCHOOL AND ASSOCIATE
PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY AT BROWN UNIVERSITY IN PROVIDENCE, RI
College admission officers get to know the schools from which they recruit applicants, and know whether perhaps three honors courses at school A is tougher than five at school B. (For all their limitations, standardized AP tests at least are standard.) It's better that you do well in your three than take so many that you can't do well in all. Colleges look at your non-academic interests, too.

A: FROM MENTOR CAROL TOMAN, DISTINGUISHED MEMBER OF TECHNICAL STAFF AT LUCENT
TECHNOLOGIES, INC. IN IL
College admissions officers have in hand a copy of a report about your high school which they examine at the same time as your application. They take into account the high school that you attend as well as your accomplishments there. It sounds like you attend a rather large school, with many honors classes available. Taking three at a time sounds like quite an accomplishment to me! If your friends can take all honors classes, then I agree that their honors classes must be easier than yours. These differences will be obvious in the school's profile. The college will know what honors classes are available and the average grade given out in those classes, they will know what percentage of the school takes honors classes, and much more. So rest assured that colleges know that high schools are not all alike. The best thing you can do is make sure that you excel in the classes that you do take. Even though the grade point average turns out the same, it's better to get an A in a regular class than a B in an honors class. If you can handle 3 honors classes, then do it, but don't take more than you can get good grades in!
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Q: FROM MENTEE DANIELLE R. IN VERMONT
What is the best (for the under $18,000/per year) college for Computer Technology (hardware/repair) in VT or NH.

A: FROM MENTOR CAROL TOMAN, DISTINGUISHED MEMBER OF TECHNICAL STAFF AT LUCENT
TECHNOLOGIES, INC. IN IL
I asked your question of a colleague that lives in New Hampshire and he responded: "UNH is 22k for non-residents and I'm not sure they have anything close besides CS/EE. The other choice is New Hampshire Technical Institute. I'm told the manchester/hooksett facility has a good/new computer facility and they tear down/repair/build computers there. They don't have on campus living though." The New Hampshire Technical Institute is a 2 year college in Concord, NH. I entered "New Hampshire Technical Institute" in my web browser and found a number of links to college finders such as one provided by US News at <http://www.usnews.com/>www.usnews.com
and another at technology-career.getittoday.com. You should also check with your guidance counselor; high schools usually collect a small library of college catalogs.

A: FROM MENTOR MEG WILLIAMS, TECHNICAL MANAGER AT COMPAQ COMPUTER CORPORATION IN NASHUA, NH
I am not aware of a college that would focus on just Computer hardware repair. Seems that would be more on Vocational Technical School. However, if you are thinking about getting a 4 year college degree then I would
recommend UVM in Burlington. It has an excellent Computer Science department, and I just checked in-state tuition is under $17K a year. In addition, UNH in Durham also has an excellent Computer program but coming from Vermont you would have to pay out of state tuition which is right around $17K, that does NOT include room and board. At both the Universities you would get tend to get both a theoretical training as well as hands-on experience.
A couple smaller schools in New Hampshire that offer Computer programs include Daniel Webster College ($17K) and Rivier College ($15K) both in Nashua, NH, and Franklin Pierce College in Rindge, NH ($18K). All are relatively small schools and they all focus more on the hands on classes. Note: the () indicate the tuition only at these schools the room and board + other fees seem to range from about $5K to $11k.
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Q: FROM MADDIE W. IN KY
Are there any high school classes that I meet to be certain l take in order to major in biology or forensic sci.?

A: FROM RAMONA GRAY, STAFF CHEMIST AT MERCK
If you want to major in biology or forensic science, make sure to take biology and chemistry in high school. If your school offers them at the AP/honors level and you can fit it in your schedule take the higher level courses.
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Q: FROM MENTEE ALLISON R. IN KY
How many years does it take to get a degree to become an OB-GYN doctor?
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NEW QUESTIONS!
Q: FROM MENTEE SHAMIA P. IN IL
As a sophomore who wants to get ready for college before hand, what should I do to make use of my free time right now and not be overwhelmed with things to do as a junior?

Q: FROM MENTEE in Region I
What are the specific branches of chemistry?

Q: FROM MENTEE in Region I
Can you study abroad and still fufill college requirements?

Q: FROM MENTEE in Region I
How many years of college are required in the field of inorganic chemistry?
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END
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GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 5, 2001
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NOTE TO STUDENTS: THE GEM-SET POLICY FOR STUDENT IDENTITY IS TO INCLUDE ONLY
THE FIRST NAME AND FIRST INITIAL ALONG WITH YOUR STATE. WE HAVE THIS POLICY TO
PROTECT YOUR PRIVACY. PLEASE PUT YOUR FIRST NAME, LAST INITIAL AND STATE AT
THE TOP OF YOUR E-MAIL WHENEVER YOU POST TO GEM-SET. THAT WILL HELP OUR MODERATORS IDENTIFY THE SOURCE. THANK YOU!
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Q: FROM MENTEE LAUREN H. IN KY
What are the most common degrees that teachers obtain?

A: FROM KRISTIN TAGHON, SOFTWARE ENGINEER AT LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES
I asked my sister who is a teacher in Illinois. She teaches 5th Grade. Here is what she said: "You can get either an elementary or secondary degree. A middle school degree has also recently become available. Within this degree you
would have an emphasis, which means you have most of your classes in that area. Mine is math. I would imagine an elementary degree is most popular, but I'm not sure. Language Arts is a popular emphasis."
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Q: FROM MENTEE SHAMIA P. IN IL
As a sophomore who wants to get ready for college before hand, what should I do to make use of my free time right now and not be overwhelmed with things to do as a junior?

A: FROM MENTOR DANELL OLIVER-COLLINS, RETAIL INDUSTRIAL DESIGNER AT HALLMARK
CARDS, INC. in KS
Besides classes you should think about extracurricular activities such as community, church and/or school activities. All applications you will fill out for college prep. and beyond will ask you to list your extracurricular activities. There is more to college than just books, its people skills. How you relate to others in many situations.
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Q: FROM MENTEE VICTORIA P. IN CT
Can you study abroad and still fufill college requirements?

A: FROM MENTOR RAMONA GRAY, STAFF CHEMIST AT MERCK
Yes, you can study abroad and still fulfill college requirements. That's probably the one thing that I didn't take advantage of while in college that I regret. When you go to your host country, you usually attend a school
there and also take classes as you would if you were in the states. The advantage is that you're being exposed to another country, language, culture, experience. From talking to friends who've done it, they say that it's an experience they wouldn't trade for anything.
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Q: FROM MENTEE VICTORIA P. IN CT
What are the specific branches of chemistry?

A: FROM MENTOR RAMONA GRAY, STAFF CHEMIST AT MERCK
The four main branches of chemistry are organic, inorganic, physical and analytical. There are many others like polymer, physicalorganic, biochemistry, organometallic, ect. to name a few. It just depends on what your interests are.

A: FROM MENTOR CARYN PRUDENTE, ASSISTANT PROFESSOR OF CHEMISTRY AT UNIVERSITY
OF SOUTHERN MAINE IN PORTLAND, ME
The specific branches of chemistry at a four year college or university are generally limited to the classical divisions of chemistry, which means organic,inorganic, physical and biological chemistry. Most degree programs will offer
upper level specialization courses such as polymers, environmental chemistry or theoretical chemistry (and many others, often reflecting the fields of specialization of the faculty members) that are available to majors and other
interested students once they have completed some of the earlier requirements to fulfill the major. One way to experience the multidisciplinary fields of chemistry is to participate on a research project with a faculty member. Most faculty at most institutions will have ongoing research projects, which are very specialized and are often geared to include undergraduate participation. Many institutions include this type of student research as a requirement. In what ever form, student research is excellent experience and allows students to dabble in many different and fascinating facets of chemistry. If you decide to continue your education to the masters or PhD level you will find the various combinations are essentially endless (i.e bio-inorganic chemistry, bio-physical chemistry, organic-environmental chemistry etc...........) and you will be able to find a program that meets you interests and prepares you for your career goals. At the undergraduate level (i.e. a 4 year college or university) you will get a
BS or BA in chemistry as opposed to a specific subdivision of chemistry like inorganic chemistry. As part of the curriculum for obtaining the degree in chemistry you will take a least one full year of general (inorganic chem),
one full year of organic chem, one full year of physical chem and then a mixture ofother more specialized and advanced level courses which can vary a bit among different schools. Once you have a BS or BA you can then go on to study for a masters or a PhD in a specific field like inorganic. A masters generally takes 2-3 years and a PhD takes 4-6 years depending (or less if you already have a masters) on many factors. Some people will get a masters in one area of chemistry such as inorganic and then specialize even more for their PhD. Again the choices and possibilities are endless and there is a lot of opportunity to shape your own field of study according to your interests and career plans.
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Q: FROM MENTEE VICTORIA P. IN CT
How many years of college are required in the field of inorganic chemistry?

A: FROM MENTOR RAMONA GRAY, STAFF CHEMIST AT MERCK IN NJ
When you get your bachelor's degree (4 yrs) in chemistry it's very broad. You get exposure to the four main branches (organic, inorganic, analytical, physical), but are also allowed to try your hand at others. Only when you go
for an advanced degree (4-6 yrs)are you allowed to choose a specific field.

A: FROM MENTOR DANELL OLLIVER-COLLINS, RETAIL INDUSTRIAL DESIGNER AT HALLMARK
CARDS, INC. in KS
A degree in inorganic chemistry can be obtained within 4 years of college. During college you will have assignments that allow you to delve even deeper into a particular area of inorganic chemistry. This would be a good
opportunity to find the different fields inorganic chemistry is useful then you can focus your studies more towards that field. Here are some fields I am familiar with: analytical chemistry, quality control chemistry, pharmaceutical, heavy metal studies in groundwater & drinking water, and chemical engineering. If your interests are more on the research side of chemisty you must pursue a masters and/or a doctorate degree which is an additional 1-3 years.

A: FROM MENTOR MARSHA SEGEBARTH, INSTRUCTOR OF MEDICAL MICROBIOLOGY AND
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY AT UNIVERSITY OF SOUTHERN INDIANA
To the Mentee from Region I who inquired about a degree in inorganic chemistry: I would recommend an undergraduate degree in Chemistry - which takes 4 years of college. Realize that chemistry courses are lab courses;
therefore, for a 4 credit hour course expect to spend three hours in lecture and a minimum of two hours in lab each week. Generally, chem majors begin with a semester or two of general chemistry their freshman year, two
semesters of organic chemistry their sophomore year, then additional chem courses beyond that. Depending upon the school, these may include qualitative analysis, quantitative analysis, biochemistry, physical chemistry, etc. I expect you are considering research chemistry from your question. This is the most common route to research. Generally, students go on for the Master's and Doctorate beyond their B.S. degree.
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END
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GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 6, 2001
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TO MENTOR CAROL TOMAN COMMENTS FROM MENTEE CHRISTINE B. IN CT
In response to what you said about it being better to get an A in a level one class than a B at an honors level. We have been told many times that it is better to take the challenging courses and receive B's. If a college looks at
your application and you have taken 3 honors and receive As and Bs, then doesn't it look better than receiving just A's in level one classes? If I were an admissions director, I would rather see that the student is willing to take
on challenging courses and that they can still do well. Does anyone else have any other information on this?
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Q:FROM MENTEE VICTORIA P. IN CT

Can you study abroad and still fufill college requirements?

A: FROM MENTOR SHARON ROSH, DOCTOR OF VETERINARY MEDICINE, EDGEBROOK ANIMAL
HOSPITAL IN EAST BRUNSWICK, NJ
Absolutely. You have to check with your US college to be sure that all the courses you take abroad apply to your degree. I think that studying abroad is a wonderful opportunity to see new place and new people and to see the world
through others eyes.
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Q: FROM MENTEE ALLISON R. IN KY
How many years does it take to get a degree to become an OB-GYN doctor?

A: FROM MENTOR DESIREE BUTTER, MD, MERCY FAMILY HEALTH ASSOC. IN
PITTSBURGH, PA
4 years college. 4 years medical school. 3 year residency training in OB/GYN
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NEW QUESTIONS

Q:FROM MENTEE LEAH C. IN KY
What is the difference between being a pharmacist and a pharmaceutical sales representative?

Q: FROM MENTEE AMANDA H. IN KY
What are the top colleges rated for their medical classes?
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END
=========================================================================

GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 7, 2001
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NOTE ON HOW TO FIND YOUR QUESTION: ALL QUESTIONS ARE DATED WHEN THEY ARE
POSTED. OLDER QUESTIONS ARE AT THE TOP OF THE DIGEST, NEW QUESTIONS ARE AT THE
BOTTOM. QUESTIONS WILL REMAIN ON THE DIGEST UNTIL ANSWERED. MODERATORS WILL
CLUSTER QUESTIONS ON THE SAME TOPIC WHEN POSSIBLE.
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Q: FROM MENTEE CHRISTINE B. IN CT
In response to what you said about it being better to get an A in a level one class than a B at an honors level. We have been told many times that it is better to take the challenging courses and receive B's. If a college looks at
your application and you have taken 3 honors and receive As and Bs, then doesn't it look better than receiving just A's in level one classes? If I were an admissions director, I would rather see that the student is willing to take on challenging courses and that they can still do well. Does anyone else have any other information on this?

A: FROM MENTOR CAROL TOMAN, DISTINGUISHED MEMBER OF TECHNICAL STAFF AT LUCENT
TECHNOLOGIES, INC. IN IL
You are probably right and I should have been more careful with my answer to your question. Admissions officers *do* want to see that you take on challenges and that you have taken advantage of the opportunities available to you. For some people it is easy to get A's in regular classes without much work and they really haven't proven that they can make it in college. Also, let's not lose sight of the fact that grades and test scores aren't the only factors that colleges are looking for. They also want an interesting, well-rounded student body. This does not mean that you should join bunches of clubs in high school; listing membership in lots of clubs is common place. To really differentiate yourself, try to find something you can get passionate about (conservation, sports, music, literacy, homelessness, etc.) and get involved in many aspects of that interest. Volunteer in that area, get a summer
job in that area, start a program in your hometown, and so on. Students that have "sparkle" can be accepted to a college in preference to others that have higher scores and grades but just don't seem very interesting to the interviewers. So, keep working for good grades, of course, but don't let that be your only focus. Don't overload yourself to the point where you have to eliminate extracurricular activities. And if you can find something that you're passionate about, delve into it. Even if that interest does not become your career, it may become a lifetime "hobby".

A: FROM MENTOR RAMONA GRAY, STAFF CHEMIST AT MERCK IN NJ
I would have to agree with you. If I were an admissions officer, I'd much rather see a student take on more advanced level courses even if their grade was lower. This shows a desire to be challenged and a willingless to take risks. And if this student was well rounded and was involved in outside activities, that would make them more appealing!

A: FROM MENTOR MARY JO MULLEN, CIVIL ENGINEER AT PATRICK ENGINEERING
When I was in high school, we were also told it was better to take the honors course than the average level, even if it meant we may get a B. I don't know if your school works like this, but we had a weighted GPA where an honors B was weighted the same as an average B, which I think helped. It also meant that if you got an A in an honors class you got a 5 out of 4 for that class, so you could have, say, a 4.2 out of 4 GPA, which I thought would impress colleges as well. I think it did. While I got mostly A's in my classes I did get the occasional B in honors classes, and I don't think it hurt me at all. I got in to all the colleges I applied for, including the college of my dreams. I think it would only hurt you if you push yourself into an honors class that is too challenging, maybe in a subject that you are not strong in, and you drop below a B. Not only would you be worried about your grades, but it could be very
frustrating for you. I know that grades are important for getting into college, but there is so much more to it than that. Take that classes that challenge you and you will really get something out of. Don't let the fact that you may get a B instead of an A stop you. If you are bored in an average class, don't stay that way. Apathy in schools is a real problem, I'm sure you can look around your school and find many students who just don't care anymore. Stay
involved, stay interested, and do your best without pushing too hard. Like I said, grades are important, but your happiness is too!

A: FROM MENTOR KRISTIN TAGHON, SOFTWARE ENGINEER AT LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES IN
ILLINOIS
Christine, I don't believe that all colleges look at the same criteria. I believe that some colleges that are VERY tough to get into, would want to see that you are taking honors classes and getting As. Others may want to see that you get As and Bs in honors classes. Some may take a look at what honors classes you took in high school that pertain to your degree. Others may just look at the grade point average and not consider what honors classes you took. The criteria is different at the various colleges. I believe that good colleges do take into account the level of classes and also the extracurriculars with which you are involved. You should take the level that you are comfortable and do the best you can. You will get into a good college, based on your skill level. The key is to do your best at the highest level you can and not stress out!! Don't burn out before college even starts! You could call the admissions offices of the colleges you are interested in and ask them what their criteria is for accepting new students.
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Q:FROM MENTEE LEAH C. IN KY
What is the difference between being a pharmacist and a pharmaceutical sales representative?
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE AMANDA H. IN KY
What are the top colleges rated for their medical classes?
**********
NEW QUESTIONS

Q: FROM MENTEE MEGHAN D. IN CT
I have heard of programs where high school seniors are able to be admitted directly into medical school, but it is not binding. I was wondering what otherprograms have you heard of like this. I am aware of the UCONN program. Also
how beneficial would it be to take part of this kind of program?
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END
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GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 10, 2001
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Q: FROM MENTEE MEGHAN D. IN CT
I have heard of programs where high school seniors are able to be admitted directly into medical school, but it is not binding. I was wondering what other programs have you heard of like this. I am aware of the UCONN program. Also how beneficial would it be to take part of this kind of program?

A: FROM MENTOR DIEDRE DANIELS, ASSOCIATE SCIENTIST AT THE MIDWEST RESEARCH
INSTITUTE IN KANSAS CITY, MO
Meghan, the University of Missouri School System has two medical schools. The one in Kansas City offers a 6 year program for students just out of high school. I would visit this site to learn more: <http://research.med.umkc.edu/>http://research.med.umkc.edu/ The obvious benefit to this program for students who are truly serious about pursuing a medical degree is that they will have the M.D. in hand 6 years after completion of high school instead of the usual 4 years of college, 4 years of medical school. However, using the 4 years of college to explore other avenues of interest and give yourself more time to decide if medical school is still what you want to do will in no way have a negative effect on becoming a doctor.

A: FROM MENTOR MOLLY WILLIAMS, ASSOCIATE DEAN FOR RESEARCH AND GRADUATE
PROGRAMS AT THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES AT WESTERN
MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY
Northwestern University (Evanston, IL) offers a combined bachelor's and MD degree program. Information is at the following URL. <http://www.nums.northwestern.edu/hpme/introduction.html>http://www.nums.northwestern.edu/hpme/introduction.html. This is a very selective and demanding program. It shortens the time for a medical degree by at least a year. It is also a very focused program, so you should not embark on this program unless you are sure that this is your career choice.
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Q:FROM MENTEE LEAH C. IN KY
What is the difference between being a pharmacist and a pharmaceutical sales representative?
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE AMANDA H. IN KY
What are the top colleges rated for their medical classes?
**********
NEW QUESTIONS

Q: FROM SHAMIA P. IN IL
What are some other ways to prepare yourself for taking the SAT and ACT without taking classes such as Kaplan or Princeton Review?

Q: FROM SHAMIA P. IN IL
Do colleges know what the International Baccalaureate (IB) program is? How good is it compared to the Advanced Placemant (AP) Program? Do all colleges except IB credits?

Q: FROM ALAINA K. IN MASSACHUSETTS
How can I be sure Science, Engineering and Technology are good areas in which to start my career?

Q: FROM CARA O. IN MA
I want to go to school to be a paramedic but I also want to do something that has to do with computer repair so what do you think I should do? Is it possible to do both?

Q: FROM MELANIE T. IN KY
Is Purdue the best school you could go to if you wanted to major in engineering?

Q:FROM ALEX M. IN IL
I was wondering, what schools do you recommend for veterinarian training and what is the preparation needed to become a vet?

Q:FROM MARCIA G. IN MASSACHUSETTS
What is the best medical school in the United States?

Q:FROM ASHLEY P. IN MASSACHUSETTS
What are the salary ranges for doctors?

Q:FROM ALLIE R. IN KY
When you are going to be an OB-GYN doctor and you go to do your residence can you pick the hospital you want to do the residence at?
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END
=========================================================================

GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 11, 2001
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WE RECEIVED OUR FIRST BRAIN TEASER FOR THE MENTEES. MODERATORS WILL ALLOW A
FEW DAYS FOR THE MENTEES TO RESPOND BEFORE POSTING THE RIGHT ANSWER. GOOD LUCK
MENTEES!
**********
Q: FROM SUZANNE FRANKS, DIRECTOR OF THE WOMEN IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
PROGRAM AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KS
BRAIN TEASER FOR ANY AND ALL MENTEES: CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE RESULTS OF THIS PHYSICS EXPERIMENT? STAND AGAINST A WALL SO THAT ONE FOOT AND THE SIDE OF YOUR HEAD ARE TOUCHING THE WALL. NOW TRY TO RAISE THE FOOT THAT IS NOT TOUCHING THE WALL. CAN YOU DO IT? WHY OR WHY NOT?
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Q:FROM MENTEE LEAH C.IN KY
What is the difference between being a pharmacist and a pharmaceutical sales representative?

A: FROM MENTOR SUZANNE FRANKS,DIRECTOR OF THE WOMEN IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
PROGRAM AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KS
A: I spent some time working in the pharmaceutical industry with both pharmacists and pharmaceutical sales representatives. These two jobs do have many things in common, but some very real differences. In both jobs, you would need to know a lot about how drugs work and what they are used for, and you would need to enjoyworking with people. A pharmacist may work in a drug store, handling the filling of prescriptions and consulting with patients who come in to get prescriptions filled. You would advise patients about the drugs they are going to take; what side effects they could expect; whether other drugs they are taking could interact badly with the drug they are getting; whether to take the drug with or without food; and so on. A pharmacist might also work in a hospital. There, you would prepare drugs for dispensing to the patients in the hospital, and also provide the kinds of consulting as you would in a drugstore. In the hospital setting, you are likely to interact more, and more closely, with nurses
and doctors. You are also likely to deal with patients who are much sicker than the patients who walk into a drug store to get a prescription filled. You might have to mix up complicated prescriptions (for example, such-and-such volume of a certain drug at such-and-such concentration) at a moment's notice, when a doctor calls for it. Drugstore work would go at a bit slower place, but can keep you very busy anyway. Pharmacists might also work in the pharmaceutical industry, in the new drug development process. Here you might be screening data from trials of new drugs on humans who participate in the studies, to look for patterns of reactions to the drug that might indicate problems, or to evaluate data on how effectively the drug is working. You might work on designing the data collection sheets for clinical drug trials, to be sure the right information is collected to let you make a good
evaluation of the drug's safety and effectiveness. Or you might be a basic researcher, working on animal studies in the early screening process of drugs to see if they are good candidates for various diseases in humans. To get more information about a pharmacist's job, you might contact a local pharmacy and see if one of the pharmacists would
be interested in talking to you. Be sure to ask them ahead of time when is a good time for them to talk with you. Some times are slower than others. One of them might be willing to talk with you on a break. A pharmaceutical sales representative generally is someone who works for a particular drug company. You would be responsible for letting physicians, nurses, and pharmacists know about your company's drug products and encouraging them to use your company's drugs. You need to really like working with people and to like sales to do this kind of job. It can be very high pressure, as many sales reps have quotas for how much business they bring in. It can also involve a great deal of travel. That can be good and bad - some people get tired of "living out of a suitcase." It has fun parts, like going to medical conferences in nice locations and meeting with doctors there at events that your company sponors where you get to tell them about your company's new drug. Or it can very routine, making the rounds to local hospitals and doctor's offices to give them samples, encourage them to prescribe your company's drugs, and so on. This job is more a combination of pharmacy knowledge and business knowledge than is a general pharmacist's job.
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Q: FROM SHAMIA P. IN IL
What are some other ways to prepare yourself for taking the SAT and ACT without taking classes such as Kaplan or Princeton Review?

A: FROM MENTOR AMY MCMILLAN, NRC POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATE,US EPA IN
CINCINNATI, OH
Shamia, There are lots of ways to prepare for the SAT and ACT that don't involve classes. I just went to the online bookstore Amazon.com (<http://www.amazon.com/>www.amazon.com) and typed in ACT test in the search
box. It came up with 64 books to study from - the most popular one appears to be Barron's How to Prepare for ACT ($11.96 at Amazon). You can buy these books at many bookstores. My recommendation is get a book that has some
timed tests in it so you can practice taking the test as you would when you actually do it. I think the most important thing you can do is get comfortable taking this kind of test so that you are relaxed and confident about the process. Of course, brushing up on vocabulary and quantitative skills with the help of some of these books is important to
gaining that confidence. Don't be intimidated, though! No one is supposed to get them all right so just do your best and be proud of your accomplishments!

A: FROM MENTOR JATARA BROWN, SOFTWARE DEVELOPER AT LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES IN IL
Go to the library and check out any SAT/ACT preparation book. Be sure to check out a book that was published in the last two years (1999), to avoid the risk of relying on outdated information. You also want a book that contains a full-length test so you can practice. If you're still interested in doing the Princeton Review, they offer a free SAT online preparation course on their web site (<http://www.review.com/>http://www.review.com). It is important to note that it is possible to make a very good score on the SAT/ACT without taking any of the Kaplan or Princeton Review courses. Good luck!

A: FROM MENTOR SUZANNE FRANKS, DIRECTOR OF THE WOMEN IN ENGINEERING AND
SCIENCE PROGRAM AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KS
A good general preparation is to read as much and as widely as you can. Read things that are "above" your grade level. Read magazines, such as the New Yorker and the Atlantic Monthly, that will push your vocabulary. Read books on all sorts of topics. Read classic novels. Also work hard in your math classes. Get a book of
puzzlers - story problems that require logic to solve them, and try working them out. Anything that develops your reading ability, your reasoning ability, and your mathematical skills will help.
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Q: FROM ALAINA K. IN MASSACHUSETTS
How can I be sure Science, Engineering and Technology are good areas in which to start my career?

A: FROM MENTOR AMY MCMILLAN, NRC POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATE, US EPA IN
CINCINNATI, OH
Alaina, Science, Engineering and Technology encompass many many MANY careers! I think that if you begin preparing yourself for a career in these fields you will find tons of options and something you will really like to do. The only way to be sure is to start doing what you need to do to pursue a career in these fields; taking science, math, chemistry courses, reading books about those fields, talking to people with careers in those fields. If you start doing the things that will expose you to the career options in these fields I think you will probably find something that really gets you excited - and then you really will know. On a more practical side, these are careers that often pay relatively well, and are careers that will be in demand for a long time! So you can't go wrong from that point of view!

A: FROM MENTOR MEG WILLIAMS, TECHNICAL MANAGER AT COMPAQ COMPUTER CORP. IN
NASHUA, NH
Alaina, in my experience the one thing I have found that you can count on is change. I have been in a software engineer for about 25 years now. The computer industry has changed tremendously in those years. I have had my
share of ups and downs, but during my entire career I have always felt I had options because of my technical training. I have worked as a programmer, as a software designer, as a technical lead, as a manager and as a project manager. I think the best part of having a degree in the engineering is that it gives you an approach to understanding and solving problems that transcends disciplines.

A: FROM MENTOR DANELL OLIVER-COLLINS, RETAIL INDUSTRIAL DESIGNER AT HALLMARK
CARDS, INC. IN KANSAS CITY, MO
The best way to find out if you want a career in any field is to talk to someone in that field. Many companies dedicate a day in which a highschool age person can come to work with a professional to actually see what they do and ask questions. Or if you really want to put some time in it you can do an internship with a company. This is actually the best way to find out if you like the job as well as the company. I'll do a brief run down of why I like my job, plastics design engineer: the hours are great, mon-fri 8-5 holidays and weekends off. the benefits are great, medical, dental, disability are all very generous I am allowed a great deal of leniency in creativity everyday, it keeps the job from being boring. I am allowed to wear casual nice clothes to work. I really do use what I learned in school everyday at work.

A: FROM MENTOR ELLEN PICCIOLI, SENIOR MEMBER OF TECHNICAL STAFF AT COMPAQ
COMPUTER CORP. IN SHREWSBURY, MA
One thing to keep in mind is that it is generally easier to switch into another area from Engineering/Technology than the other way around. Thus, if you have think right now that engineering is a likely career direction for you, than there is little risk in trying it out. The first year or two in an engineering curriculum includes several introductory engineering and science courses that will give you a taste of what the area of study is like. You begin to specialize a bit more in your last 2 years (or further graduate years). This gives you time to determine if you like it and want to continue, or if you need to make a change. The only drawback may be that it's harder to get into an engineering
program at a particular school relative to some other programs at the same school. You'll need to check into that at the given school. However, first priority should be to do what you think you will love, not how to most easily get into a school.

A: FROM MENTOR MARY JO MULLEN, CIVIL ENGINEER AT PATRICK ENGINEERING
Its hard to know for sure what you will do when you graduate from college before you even get there. If your strongest classes are in science and math, and you enjoy those classes, its worth a look into careers in Science,
Engineering and Technology. Check with your career counselor or head to a library to do a bit of research on what you can do with a degree in science or engineering. If something strikes you, go for it. Plus if you are unsure about your career once you begin college, it is ok, most people are. Your first year is often general classes in math, science and an introduction into the major you are interested in. This gives you a taste of what to expect, and if you don't like it, its still early enough to get out without it really affecting your graduation timeline.

A: FROM MENTOR SUZANNE FRANKS,DIRECTOR OF THE WOMEN IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
PROGRAM AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KS
That is a good question! There are many ways to answer it. Science, Engineering, and Technology are excellent areas in which to start a career, because jobs are plentiful, they pay well, and you often get to travel to interesting places and meet people from all over the world in the course of working in those kinds of careers. They are also good starting points for careers in medicine (as a doctor or medical researcher) or in law, or in public policy, or management. But how do you know if it is right for YOU? First, do you like your science and math classes in high school? If not, is it because you have a teacher who is not so good or who doesn't treat girls fairly? Then look for other ways to explore your interest - after school programs, summer programs, museum programs, etc. If you don't
like one kind of science (say, biology) you may like another kind (say, physics or chemistry.) If you don't like one kind of engineering - say, environmental, where you work on water pollution or other kinds of environmental issues - you may like another - say, architectural engineering, where you would work on lighting systems or structural design for buildings. In a general sense, many people who go into engineering and technology do so because they like solving problems, figuring out how to make things work, taking things apart, working on teams to find solutions
to big issues or to come up with ideas for a new product. Many people who go into science do so because they like figuring out how the world works - what makes a star go supernova? how does the immune system respond to an infection with a virus? why do some cancer cells die when treated with chemotherapy and others don't? how can we predict when a volcano will errupt? what makes birds migrate? why are some materials stronger than others? and so on. Do you like figuring out how to make new things or make something work better? Do you like figuring out how things that already exist are the way they are? Then you might like being a scientist or an engineer! The best thing is to keep learning more about different kinds of science and engineering, and keep taking your math and science classes. That way, when you get to college, you will be able to major in science or engineering with a good preparation that will ensure that you succeed.
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Q: FROM CARA O. IN MA
I want to go to school to be a paramedic but I also want to do something that has to do with computer repair so what do you think I should do? Is it possible to do both?

A: FROM MENTOR MEG WILLIAMS, TECHNICAL MANAGER AT COMPAQ COMPUTER CORP. IN
NASHUA, NH
Cara, sure a number of my colleagues and friends in the computer industry are also EMTs. They volunteer their services to their local ambulance services, fire departments, or some work as Ski Patrols. In fact several of my friends put themselves through engineering school while working as EMTs.
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Q: FROM MELANIE T. IN KY
Is Purdue the best school you could go to if you wanted to major in engineering?

A: FROM DANELL OLIVER-COLLINS, RETAIL INDUSTRIAL ENGINEER AT HALLMARK CARDS,
INC. IN KANSAS CITY, MO
I can't answer for Purdue, but I went to 2 different engineering schools both ranked very high in the country. It really depends on what kind of engineering you are looking for, to name a few that I am familiar with: Wichita State University has an excellent aeronautical engineering department. University of Arkansas has an excellent engineering facility and curicullum. Pittsburg State University is well known for its Plastics Engineering department. Kansas State University has a very good electrical, mechanical, civil, and chemical engineering departments. And Univeristy of Kansas is known for its chemical engineering department. University of Missouri-Rolla focuses most of its resourses on its engineering disciplines. There are many very good engineering departments around the country so you don't have to stray far from home to get a good education.

A: FROM MENTOR JATARA BROWN, SOFTWARE DEVELOPER AT LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES IN IL
Purdue has a very excellent engineering program with a very good reputation. A lot of my friends and classmates from school choose to pursue advanced degrees from Purdue. As far as being the "best" school, the only "best"
school that matters is the school that's best for YOU. There are many different engineering schools acros the country. One factor to look for is the kind of engineering field you want to go into. Most schools have strong
cirriculums in one branch of engineering (electrical, civil, mechanical, industrial, petroleum, computer, or nuclear). Others may not. There are many factors in selecting a school besides the quality of its program. Again, it
is important to look for a school that is best for YOU.

A: FROM MENTOR SUZANNE FRANKS, DIRECTOR OF THE WOMEN IN ENGINEERING AND
SCIENCE PROGRAM AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KS
No! Kansas State University is! Okay, all kidding aside - there is no one best school. Purdue, for example, has an excellent reputation, is ABET-accredited, has a strong Women in Engineering Program, and a beautiful campus. However, some people may not want to go to school in the midwest. Or some may want to go to school in a more urban setting. Or some may feel it is too far from home. Or some may feel it is too close to home. Some may
feel it is too big for them. Some may feel it doesn't offer particular kinds of activities or social life they would like to have available. The way to choose the best school for engineering for yourself is to consider first what other kinds of things you want in your university experience. Small or large college? General liberal arts college or strictly focused on technology college? Urban or rural setting? Close to home or not? Then when you know what kind of basic college experience you want, look for colleges that meet those criteria and have a strong engineering school.
Then, visit those candidate schools to see if you like them - talk to current students and see what they like and dislike, what they do in their spare time; look at the dorms, etc. If you cannot affford to visit a campus, then spend a lot of time looking for the info you need from their web site. Ask them to send you information. Ask them if you could talk to a professor and/or a student by phone or email, to ask them questions about campus life and academic programs.

A: FROM MENTOR ELLEN PICCIOLI, SENIOR MEMBER OF TECHNICAL STAFF AT COMPAQ
COMPUTER CORP. IN SHREWSBURY, MA
Purdue is an excellent engineering school, but there are many others. I'm biased to my undergraduate school, Cornell University. Needless to say, MIT is an excellent engineering school. I could list several others. Part of this depends on which area of engineering you are interested in, or if you are not sure yet, which schools offer a broad range of specialties. I recommend you work with your guidance counselor to narrow down what are the best schools for you.

A: FROM MENTOR MARY JO MULLEN CIVIL ENGINEER AT PATRICK ENGINEERING
Its hard to say which school is the best in the nation for engineering. My best advice is find out more about the different disciplines within engineering (computer, mechanical, civil, electrical, environmental, chemical, industrial) and see which general discipline most interests you and then do some research about that discipline at the schools you are interested in. Purdue is a very good engineering school, but I'm sure there could be debate about it being the "best." Every engineering school that may claim to being the best could be debated, especially by alumni of other
prestigious engineering school. Purdue, Univ. of Illinois, MIT, Stanford, Michigan, Cal Tech, Cal-Berkeley and Georgia Tech are all top rated engineering schools. Check out <http://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/rankengineering.htm>http
://www.usnews.com/usnews/edu/college/rankings/rankengineering.htm top schools in different disciplines and the top overall engineering programs. Don't forget to look beyond the ranking of an engineering school. Some schools get very highly rated because of their graduate programs, research or faculty. If you can, learn more about the undergraduate programs at the schools you are interested in, and the size of the program. An enormous lecture hall with little individual attention may be perfect for some, and overwhelming for others.
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Q:FROM ALEX M. IN IL
I was wondering, what schools do you recommend for veterinarian training and what is the preparation needed to become a vet?

A: FROM MENTOR HALEY MURPHY, DVM, DIRECTOR OF VET. SERVICES AT ZOO NEW ENGLAND
IN BOSTON, MA
There are many good schools of veterinary medicine ( I believe there are 27 schools in North America). Every year there is a book published (may be on the web now) ranking the schools. I would think that you could contact any career counselor or admissions person at a veterinary or agricultural school for that information. Where you go depends a lot on where you live. Most vet schools offer preference for seats and reduced tuition to in state students with a limited number of seats for contract states (states that have a number of reserved seats). Illinois does not have a vet school but probably ahs some contracts. Some people end up moving to a state with a vet school in order to
establish residency to increase their likelihood of getting in (more seats available) and decrease their tuition costs. As far as preparation- I would highly suggest volunteering at a vet clinic in your area. It is a career that can be very challenging and takes 8 years of college and considerable debt so make sure it is what you really want. This also looks very good on your vet school application. Competition can be stiff to get into the better schools. High grades , especially in sciences and math, are critical, as well as high SAT and GRE scores. Some schools also require MCATS. The book I mentioned above, if still available (it has been 15 years since I applied!) should give you a list of the average GPA per class admitted, what the prerequisites are etc. There is also a central application now that sends out multiple applications to different vet schools and they may have the same information. Once again- vet school admission counselors should have this information. Hope that helps.

A: FROM MENTOR SHARON ROSH, DVM, EDGEBROOK ANIMAL HOSPITAL IN EAST BRUNSWICK,
NJ
This is in response to Alex M in IL about being a veterinarian. Which school isbest? That is extremely subjective and depends on what type of medicine you want to concentrate on. I went to Auburn University in Alabama and I feel that I received an outstanding education. I have not visited all vet schools in the US, but I suspect they all have their positives and negatives. I suggest that you visit the ones that you are interested in and see what their strenths are. Visit vet schools online. All of them should have websites. Take a virtual tour!! You also ask, what training is needed? In college you will have to concentrate on biology, chemistry, and other core sciences. Try to volunteer at a local vetclinic or research institute to get a feel for what vets do on a daily basis. Ithink it is extremely valuable to see what people do day in and day out to see if it fits your expectations.
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Q:FROM ALLIE R. IN KY
When you are going to be an OB-GYN doctor and you go to do your residence can you pick the hospital you want to do the residence at?

A: FROM MENTOR ELLEN PICCIOLI, SENIOR MEMBER OF TECHNICAL STAFF AT COMPAQ
COMPUTER CORP. IN SHREWSBURY, MA
While I did not enter this field myself, my college roommate did. This was several years ago, so the process may have changed. Back then, you could not choose which hospital you wanted to go to, but you submitted your first 3 choices. This was used to match you up with different educational hospitals based on your credentials and their openings.
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Q:FROM MARCIA G. IN MASSACHUSETTS
What is the best medical school in the United States?

A: FROM MODERATOR, GO TO THE GEM-SET WEB SITE AT
<http://www.gem-set.org/>http://www.gem-set.org and review the November archive. This is a repeated question. Medical school rankings were discussed in the daily digest during November.
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Q:FROM ASHLEY P. IN MASSACHUSETTS
What are the salary ranges for doctors?
**********
Q: FROM SHAMIA P. IN IL
Do colleges know what the International Baccalaureate (IB) program is? How good is it compared to the Advanced Placemant (AP) Program? Do all colleges except IB credits?
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NEW QUESTION

Q: FROM MENTEE STEPHANIE H. IN REGION I
Considering the huge responsibility that a physician has towards the well-being of their patients, is this career very stressful?
_________
END
=========================================================================
GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 12, 2001
**********
Q: FROM SUZANNE FRANKS, DIRECTOR OF THE WOMEN IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
PROGRAM AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KS
BRAIN TEASER FOR ANY AND ALL MENTEES: CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE RESULTS OF THIS PHYSICS EXPERIMENT? STAND AGAINST A WALL SO THAT ONE FOOT AND THE SIDE OF YOUR HEAD ARE TOUCHING THE WALL. NOW TRY TO RAISE THE FOOT THAT IS NOT TOUCHING THE WALL. CAN YOU DO IT? WHY OR WHY NOT?
**********
Q:FROM ASHLEY P. IN MASSACHUSETTS
What are the salary ranges for doctors?
**********
Q: FROM SHAMIA P. IN IL
Do colleges know what the International Baccalaureate (IB) program is? How good is it compared to the Advanced Placemant (AP) Program? Do all colleges except IB credits?
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE STEPHANIE H. IN REGION I
Considering the huge responsibility that a physician has towards the well-being of their patients, is this career very stressful?
**********
NEW QUESTIONS
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE ARPITA G. IN IL
Is it possible to not major in pre-med in college but to go to med school after graduating from college?
_________
END
=========================================================================
GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 13, 2001
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Q: FROM SUZANNE FRANKS, DIRECTOR OF THE WOMEN IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
PROGRAM AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KS
BRAIN TEASER FOR ANY AND ALL MENTEES: CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE RESULTS OF THIS PHYSICS EXPERIMENT? STAND AGAINST A WALL SO THAT ONE FOOT AND THE SIDE OF YOUR HEAD ARE TOUCHING THE WALL. NOW TRY TO RAISE THE FOOT THAT IS NOT TOUCHING THE WALL. CAN YOU DO IT? WHY OR WHY NOT?
(Note: We have complimentary 2002 calendars for the first 5 mentees who correctly answer this question.)
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Q:FROM ASHLEY P. IN MASSACHUSETTS
What are the salary ranges for doctors?

A: SEE THE RESPONSE FROM MARSHA SEGEBARTH BELOW!
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Q: FROM MENTEE STEPHANIE H. IN REGION I
Considering the huge responsibility that a physician has towards the well-being of their patients, is this career very stressful?

A: FROM MENTOR MARGO AUXTER, RADIATION THERAPIST IN KELLYVILLE, OK
Yes, this is one of the most stressful jobs there is. I work with several types of physicians everyday, and I am also married to one. The physician holds ultimate responsibility no matter what happens. In my job, if I give a patient an incorrect dose of radiation, or treat the wrong area, the physician is held accountable. In surgery, if someone pushes the wrong medication, the physician is responsible, etc. This can lead to a lot of stress. However, those scenarios are few and far between. Every job has stress involved, no matter what you do. Physicians have to trust the people they work with, since they cannot be there with the patient every minute of the day. Being able to deal with stress is a must for someone who is considering med school. Luckily, just being able to get into med school usually requires most of the skills need to deal with most of the stress. That is part of the weeding-out process. Besides the stress, it is a very rewarding job. Most physicians do it because they love it. Don't let the stress scare you away, it is worth it if that is what you really want to do.

A: SEE THE RESPONSE FROM MARSHA SEGEBARTH BELOW!
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Q: FROM MENTEE ARPITA G. IN IL
Is it possible to not major in pre-med in college but to go to med school after graduating from college?

A: FROM MENTOR WANDA RITCHIE, SENIOR OPERATIONS MANAGER AT EASTMAN GELATINE
CORP. IN PEABODY, MA
Arpita, I'm not an expert in college admissions requirements. However, I do have several friends who have graduated from med school and become successful physicians after completing undergraduate degrees in Math,
Chemical Engineering and Biochemistry.

A: FROM MENTOR SUZANNE FRANKS, PHD, DIRECTOR, WOMEN AND ENGINEERING PROGRAM AT
KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KANSAS
Arpita, it is definitely possible to do this. At Kansas State University, in fact, you cannot major in "pre-med". You must choose a major from among the regular ones and then you consult with pre-med advisors. Common majors include: chemistry, biochemistry, biology, and engineering majors like electrical, mechanical, and biological/biomedical/bioengineering. Many students find an engineering degree to be an excellent preparation for both medical school and law school.
A: FROM MENTOR SHARON ROSH, DVM, EDGEBROOK ANIMAL HOSPITAL IN EAST BRUNSWICK,
NJ
Arpita, I would like to answer your question from my perspective as a veterinary doctor. To answer your questions succinctly, you do not have to major in "pre-med" to go onto medical school. What that means is that you have to
meet certain requirements to get into medical school, but you can major in anything.I majored in British Literature and minored in art history. My bachelor's degree is a bachelor of art degree, not a bachelor of science degree. I think it is extremely rewarding to major in what ever you want to in undergraduate before you go off to medical/veterinary school. I would not trade my study of English and art for anything. Also, the colleges are intrigued if you major in
something less "traditional" than biology or anatomy. My interview for vet school was spent in large part discussing what books I was currently reading and how I managed to balance literature and science. So, in fact, majoring in non
traditional majors can be quite a benefit in the interview process. Major in what you want to and remember that being a doctor, whether it is for humans or non humans, requires an understanding of life. That understanding comes
from a lot of varied experiences.

A: FROM MENTOR DOROTHY ZACHMANN MD AT BRIDGEPORT HOSPITAL IN BRIDGEPORT, CT
Yes you can go to medical school without a premed college major but you will need to fulfill the premed requirements for biology, chemistry, physics, etc. Some people take these after college and then apply to medical school.

A: FROM MENTOR MARSHA SEGEBARTH, PHD, BIOLOGY DEPARTMENT, UNIVERSITY OF
SOUTHERN INDIANA
To Ashley, Stephanie, and Arpita - concerning a career in medicine. Yes, you can attend medical school without majoring in pre-med. Many biology, chemistry, biotechnology majors are admitted. The important aspect is that you have the basic requirements - certain number of chemistry, biology, math courses. The rigors of medicine ARE stressful - but so is everything! If medicine is where your heart really is, you would be more stressed to not follow your dream and accept a career you are really not that interested in. I do believe that some specialties are more stressful than others. For me, neurosurgery would be extremely intense and stressful. Pediatrics and OB would be less stressful. My son, who is a fourth year medical student, feels just the opposite! He would prefer to do the surgery realizing that he is extremely qualified and is giving the patient the best possible chance rather than deal with unhappy chiuldren and parents with the repetitive runny noses and ear infections. So, it just depends on YOU
concerning the stress factor. The salary range for physicians is very wide. It depends to a great extent on your specialty (neurosurgeons and diagnostic radiologists can expect to earn more than general practitioners), the type
of practice you are in - group or private, and the geographical location you choose. You can probably get an idea of salary ranges by checking out the aamc or ama websites already mentioned.
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NEW QUESTIONS

Q: FROM MENTEE AMANDA W. IN KY
I play trombone in the 8th grade band at my school. I was wondering if I should drop band next year and take an extra course that would help my career, or keep it just in case I don't go to the college I plan to. Should I drop it or not?

Q: FROM MENTEE RAGYN K.
I want to go into Sports/Physical Therapy. How many years would that take and what is the best way to get your "foot in the door?"
_________
END
=========================================================================
GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 14, 2001
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Q: FROM SUZANNE FRANKS, DIRECTOR OF THE WOMEN IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
PROGRAM AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KS
BRAIN TEASER FOR ANY AND ALL MENTEES: CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE RESULTS OF THIS PHYSICS EXPERIMENT? STAND AGAINST A WALL SO THAT ONE FOOT AND THE SIDE OF YOUR HEAD ARE TOUCHING THE WALL. NOW TRY TO RAISE THE FOOT THAT IS NOT TOUCHING THE WALL. CAN YOU DO IT? WHY OR WHY NOT?
(Note: We have complimentary 2002 calendars for the first 5 mentees who correctly answer this question.)
************
Q: FROM MENTEE AMANDA W. IN KY
I play trombone in the 8th grade band at my school. I was wondering if I should drop band next year and take an extra course that would help my career, or keep it just in case I don't go to the college I plan to. Should I drop it or not?

A: FROM MENTOR AMY MCMILLAN, NRC Postdoctoral Research Associate
US EPA IN CINCINNATI, OH
Amanda, Do you like playing trombone? Does your playing interfere significantly in your school work and your grades? If you like it and you don't feel it brings your grades down, don't stop now!!! The experience you get being in band and learning music is so valuable - you just can't compare it to taking another class! I played tenor saxophone all through high school and wouldn't have traded that experience for the world! You need to be a well-rounded person and not just a book-learner to do well in any career, so enjoy what you do and don't worry!!

A: FROM MENTOR CHARLENE CASSIDY, P.E., PARSONS BRINCKERHOFF QUADE & DOUGLAS,
INC. IN PITTSBURGH, PA
If playing the trombone and being in the band is something you truly enjoy, I wouldn't recommend dropping it. While academics are going to play a large role in your getting accepted at the college of your choice, extra-curricular activities will also be a factor. It may be possible to keep band in your schedule and take an extra or advanced college prep course. Speak to your guidance counselor about this.

A: FROM MARY JO MULLEN, CIVIL ENGINEER AT PATRICK ENGINEERING
Amanda, I played clarinet in band from 5th grade through my senior year of college. I'm going to be a little biased. I would say to definitely stay in band if you enjoy it. I found it fun to have a break in my day in high school to sit down, play a little music, do a little marching depending on the season. I also had a lot of friends in band, so this was also a little time during school for me to hang out with them. I believe that it is important for students to be, for lack of a better non-cheesy word, well rounded. Band was an excellent activity for that, since it focuses on the more creative side, where a lot of my classes were math and science, very left brained. And many colleges like to see students involved in activities and I found from talking to some college advisors that they viewed band as an excellent activity to be involved in. Long story short, if you enjoy it, stick with it. I know too many people
who wished they would have continued in band or with piano lessons.

A: FROM MENTOR DANELL OLIVER-COLLINS, RETAIL INDUSTRIAL DESIGNER AT HALLMARK
CARDS, INC. IN KANSAS CITY, MO
Stay in band. If you become to narrowly focused on a particular subject you will limit yourself. Being in band can help you obtain extracurricular activities that will help you when applying to any college. Colleges like it when you have participated in a broad variety of activities. It shows them that you are an open minded person, can work well with others, and you are able to easily adapt to new situations (you are versitile). You never know you may make a career out of designing instruments. P.S. I played trumpet all the way through high school.

A: FROM MENTOR CAROL TOMAN, DISTINGUISHED MEMBER OF TECHNICAL STAFF AT LUCENT
TECHNOLOGIES, INC. IN IL
I'll bet that every mentor who responds will say not to drop playing a musical instrument! If you enjoy it, even just a little, then keep it up. There is a lot of math involved in music: make sure you learn music theory as part of a SET education. My daughter's high school gives band members some perks like fulfilling the PE requirement for 2 semesters by being in band for 2 years or more (partially compensating for the period you spend in band rather than an "academic" class). Also, she joined the jazz band that meets before school and she gets an additional
credit for that just as if she had added a period to the day. Your school will be different, so ask a counselor about these things. You'll find out how much your high school values band (vs. sports, etc.) Finally, being a band member gives you a home, a family, a sense of belonging which really makes the high school experience more comfortable. When band members have time to kill at school like waiting for a ride, they have the band room to hang out in. It becomes "home base". Keep playing.

A: FROM MENTOR TERESA ESSER, WRITER, in CAMBRIDGE, MA
Amanda, if you are looking for an excuse to get out of band, then by all means drop band (assuming that you have already fulfilled all your music requirements.) Don't fritter away your high school years taking extra curricular classes that you do not enjoy. If you do enjoy band and you are wondering whether you can get into college with band on your transcript, rest assured. The nation's most prestigious colleges consistently admit students who have taken band, since these colleges have their own bands to fill. You CAN get into a prestigous college with band on your transcript, provided you also take other challenging academic classes. If you do decide to drop band, try to make good use of the extra time. If you prefer to spend your after-school time scampering around a field in search of butterflies, then read books on butterflies and ask a biology teacher to help you come up with some kind of butterfly classification project. If you prefer to spend your time outside of school watching movies, then see if you can write movie reviews for your school newspaper. Rent or borrow a movie camera and create your own movie. Become acquainted with movie cameras and editing equipment. See if you can see a need for a new kind of video camera.
Maybe apply for an internship at the local public television station, helping out with science programming. If you have your music requirements out of the way, you don't have waste your time taking a class you hate. If you love band then stick with band. I know quite a few people for whom band, and band-related field trips, were the highlight of their high school careers.

A: FROM MENTOR VAUGHN ADKINS, STRUCTURAL ENGINEER AT MASON & HANGER GROUP,
INC.IN LEXINGTON, KY
I would hate for you to drop something that you truly enjoy. You are young. Throughout your life you will need small diversions from day to day work activities. Music would be an enjoyable one. It is true that engineering and other science fields will be demanding on your time and energy. And many people struggle with balancing work and play in their lives. You have to make many choices in your life. This is just the beginning. My advice is this. If band doesn't conflict with any of the classes that you know would be beneficial, then keep it in your schedule. It will be beneficial to take high school advanced math ( up through calculus ), physics, chemistry, and depending on if you are considering a health profession, then biology and anatomy might be beneficial. High school is also a good time to explore classes that you are just slightly interested in so that you might have a better idea of what you might want to study in college. Also, don't forget about other opportunities to explore these classes at community colleges and through clubs and other organizations. But don't get too worried if you can't cram it all into your schedule - explore what you can. From my personal experience: I majored in engineering and studied dance while in college. I wouldn't have given up dance for anything. It was a good release of stress and a chance to use my creativity. Many people in my classes also had hobbies and extracurricular activities: sports and fraturnities or sororities, for example. You just have to explore what you personally can handle and what you enjoy.

A:DEIRDRE DANIELS, MS, ASSOCIATE SCIENTIST AT THE MIDWEST RESEARCH INSTITUTE
Amanda, do you enjoy playing the trombone? Are you actually looking for a good reason to quit band because you no longer enjoy it? If your answer is no and you actually enjoy playing the trombone and don't really want to stop playing then I highly recommend sticking with it! Most colleges and universities prefer to see students doing other things than concentrating entirely on their studies and career objectives. It is possible to continue playing your instrument and pursue your interests in science at the same time. I myself am a flute/piccolo player and research scientist at the same time. I played the flute in band all through high school and continued to make good grades in all of my other classes. In fact, being a flute player in college provided me with some scholarship money, even though I was majoring in Biology. So if you really do enjoy being in the band, stick with it!!!
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Q: FROM MENTEE RAGYN K.
I want to go into Sports/Physical Therapy. How many years would that take and what is the best way to get your "foot in the door?"

A: FROM MENTOR LESLEY DENNY, DIRECTOR OF CLIENT SERVICES AT SEA CHANGE SYSTEM
IN PEABODY, MA
One of the best ways to get the foot in the door is to work as an Assistant Sports Trainer when you get into college. Any school that has sports will have a trainer that works with all the athletes. If you can work with the trainer while in college, it will give you great hands on training for sports injuries. The Trainer is the person who will wrap the athletes before any game and will also help the athletes recover from their injuries by showing them exercises and helping them do the exercises.
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NEW QUESTIONS

QUESTIONS FROM MODERATOR:
MENTORS: WHAT WERE YOUR FAVORITE "EXTRACURRICULAR" ACTIVITIES IN HIGH SCHOOL?
DID THEY HELP YOU FIND A CAREER THAT YOU LOVE?
MENTEES: WHAT ARE YOUR FAVORITE "EXTRACURRICULAR" ACTIVITIES RIGHT NOW? DO YOU
THINK IT IS POSSIBLE TO MAKE A CAREER OUT OF AN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY?
_________
END
=========================================================================

GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 17, 2001
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Q: FROM SUZANNE FRANKS, DIRECTOR OF THE WOMEN IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
PROGRAM AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KS
CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE RESULTS OF THIS PHYSICS EXPERIMENT? STAND AGAINST A WALL SO THAT ONE FOOT AND THE SIDE OF YOUR HEAD ARE TOUCHING THE WALL. NOW TRY TO RAISE THE FOOT THAT IS NOT TOUCHING THE WALL. CAN YOU DO IT? WHY OR WHY NOT?

A: FROM MELANIE T. IN REGION IV
It has to deal with your center of gravity. To be able to balance on one foot you must be able to lean to that direction. When you're up against a wall and you pick up your foot that isn't on a wall, you're off-setting your center of gravity. Your outside foot provides support but when you removed it you fall because you cannot lean toward the wall to balance.

A: FROM MENTEE ABBY Y. IN REGION I
You cannot because you're body becomes balanced on both feet, and when you move one away, half of your body's weight has nothing to balance on, so you fall over.
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Q: FROM MENTEE AMANDA W. IN KY
I play trombone in the 8th grade band at my school. I was wondering if I should drop band next year and take an extra course that would help my career, or keep it just in case I don't go to the college I plan to. Should I drop it or not?

A: FROM MENTOR KRISTIN TAGHON, LUCENT TECHNOLOGIES, NAPERVILLE, IL
If you enjoy playing the trombone, I would NOT drop band. You need to have courses you are taking because you love it. Also, I think that people who have a creative outlet are more successful. And, believe it or not, there aresome
who believe that learning music helps you develop parts of your brain that willhelp you in math and science.

A: FROM MENTOR JATARA BROWN, WRITER, CHICAGO, IL
It depends on several factors. Do you truly love playing the trombone? Is your schedule already full of academic courses and you don't have a lot of electives? If the answer to both of the above questions is "YES" then I
suggest keeping your band class. I played in the band for a total of six years (two in junior high, four in high school). I wasn't a particularly good musician, but I LOVED playing the saxophone and French horn. I looked forward to band class every day because it was less academically challenging than the rest of my classes. Being in the band was hard work, but I enjoyed every minute of it. I'm certain that if I didn't have that band class, I would probably have burned out with all the other classes I was taking. Even though I didn't continue with the band while I was in college, I still tried to make room in my schedule to enroll in piano classes. Believe me, an all-academic schedule is no fun at all and will burn you out faster, unless you make the time to enroll in a fun, not-too-challenging class, whether it's music, art, dancing, cooking, or whatever strikes your fancy. Your life will be so much richer.
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Q: WHAT WERE YOUR FAVORITE "EXTRACURRICULAR" ACTIVITIES IN HIGH SCHOOL? DID
THEY HELP YOU FIND A CAREER THAT YOU LOVE?

A: FROM MENTOR JOAN LUSK, ASSOCIATE DEAN, BROWN UNIVERSITY IN PROVIDENCE, RI
I'm running a little behind keeping up with this list - but my answer here is relevant to the issue of playing trombone. Playing music has been a great source of sanity in my life - I played cello and baritone horn in high school, and still play cello - string quartets, piano trios, and so on. Music is a sensual pleasure that also involves the more logical parts of our brains, or so the advances in cognitive science tell us. It feels that way to me - a combination of intellectual and sensual pleasure. And it's not a zero sum game, unlike so much else in life. When you play with other people, the better each individual plays the better the whole group plays. You have to be sensitive to what others are doing, and respond, all in real time. But music has nothing to do with my career - no one would pay to listen to me! On the other hand, skills I've learned in my career, like using databases, make it possible for me to be the librarian for a music camp that I enjoy going to. Another activity that provides a satisfying mix of analytical and
sensual pleasure is sailing - but again, that has nothing to do with my career. And I didn't begin that until I was on the faculty.

A:FROM MENTOR MARGO AUXTER, RADIATION THERAPIST, TULSA, OK
My favorite activities were forensics and drama. I loved the improvised duet acting in forensics the most. We would draw two characters, a place, and a situation and have about ten minutes to come up with a skit for the judge. It really taught us to think on our feet, and be creative. It really didn't help me to find my career, but it did provide me with a scholarship for part of my college, and a lot of good memories.
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Q: WHAT ARE YOUR FAVORITE "EXTRACURRICULAR" ACTIVITIES RIGHT NOW? DO YOU THINK
IT IS POSSIBLE TO MAKE A CAREER OUT OF AN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY?

A: FROM MELANIE T. IN REGION IV
One of my favorite extracurricular activities is swimming but i do not think you should make a career out of that alone. Having sports as your job would be fun but there is always a risk involved. I mean it's nice to have it as a goal or even accomplish that goal but you always need something to fall back on incase you get injured or it doesn't work out. If you use your extracurricular activities as a guide for what you would like to do in life, that's awesome. That will almost guarentee that you'll enjoy your job. For example, you love writing, you might consider a career in
journalism.
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NEW QUETIONS

Q: LINDA FUSELIER, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY IN LEXINGTON, KY
I've noticed that most mentees that ask questions about careers in life sciences are interested in medical-related fields. Are there any mentees out there that might be interested in other life science fields such as fisheries and wildlife biology, natural resources management, environmental consulting, museum curation, entomology, agriculture, etc? If so, how did you become interested in these fields? If you haven't thought of them, why not?
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END
=========================================================================
GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 18, 2001
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Q: FROM SUZANNE FRANKS, DIRECTOR OF THE WOMEN IN ENGINEERING AND SCIENCE
PROGRAM AT KANSAS STATE UNIVERSITY IN MANHATTAN, KS
CAN YOU EXPLAIN THE RESULTS OF THIS PHYSICS EXPERIMENT? STAND AGAINST A WALL SO THAT ONE FOOT AND THE SIDE OF YOUR HEAD ARE TOUCHING THE WALL. NOW TRY TO RAISE
THE FOOT THAT IS NOT TOUCHING THE WALL. CAN YOU DO IT? WHY OR WHY NOT?

A: FROM SUZANNE FRANKS
No matter how hard you try, you won't be able to lift the foot not touching the wall. Your center of gravity is the point around which all your weight is centered. It is located in the middle of your stomach, about 3 inches below your belly button. As long as you keep it over your feet, you can stand and walk. To lift one foot, you would need to shift your center of gravity over the other foot (lean over.) When you are touching the wall, you can't lean over the foot against the wall, so you can't shift your center of gravity, so you can't lift the outside foot!
This and other fun information and experiments can be found in a very cool book called "The Science Book for Girls and Other Intelligent Beings" by Valerie Wyatt.

A: FROM MENTEE AMANDA W. KY.
I, personally, could stand on one foot while up against a wall. Personally, I
think I have a good center of gravity and can sustaine it well. This is needed for horseback riders. Your balance needs to be centered with the horses. The horse can't "level" out with yours, so your ballance needs to be flexible
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Q: WHAT WERE YOUR FAVORITE "EXTRACURRICULAR" ACTIVITIES IN HIGH SCHOOL? DID
THEY HELP YOU FIND A CAREER THAT YOU LOVE?

A: FROM MENTOR CASSIE FENOSEFF, DESIGN RELEASE ENGINEER AT GM NORTH AMERICA
For extracurricular activities pertaining to school, I was involved in Student Council, Students Against Drunk Driving, Yearbook, and Tennis. I think that being involved in those things helped me to get a university scholarship as well as many jobs in the years since. My current boss even said that my resume stoodout partially because I was involved in S.A.D.D. in high school, and so are her children, so she was interested in meeting me. So something I did 10 years ago is still paying off. Of course, the activities also paid off while I was involved in them, and I would highly recommend extracurricular activities to other high school students.

A: FROM MENTOR DANELL OLIVER-COLLINS, RETAIL INDUSTRIAL DESIGNER AT HALLMARK
CARDS, INC. IN KANSAS CITY, MO
I loved choir, piano and track. I was involved in several other extracurricular activities also but these two stick out the most in my mind. Although I did not pursue a career with my voice or legs these activities helped me tremendously. The music was my release when studying became too tense. I could play and sing and forget all about my studies then I would feel calmer and end up studying much better. I also went on to be a member of the crew (rowing) team in college. The training I had been through in track help me there.

A: FROM MENTOR MARY JO MULLEN, CIVIL ENGINEER AT PATRICK ENGINEERING
My favorite activities were band, volleyball and badminton. Yes, we have badminton as a sport in my high school, and a lot of high schools in northern Illinois. These didn't help me find a career, but they have indirectly helped me in my career. My favorite aspect of all of these activities was the socialization. I met a lot of people I otherwise would not have met. I also learned to interact with all sorts of people and develop relationships. This is important in any career, developing good relationships and "schmoozing" with coworkers, managers, clients, and permitting agencies can be an important part of being successful. I also participated in our speech team, which I moderately enjoyed. Speech was much more stressful than my other activities, but it has paid off as my verbal presentation skills are better than those who have never spoken before an audience. I also can think pretty quick on my feet, as my event was Extemporaneous Speaking - you get a current events question ("Will there ever be peace in the Middle East?") and have 45 minutes to prepare a 5 minute speech addressing the question, including references.

A: FROM MENTOR MOLLY WILLIAMS, PROFESSOR OF ENGINEERING AND ASSOCIATE DEAN FOR
RESEARCH AT THE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING AND APPLIED SCIENCES AT WESTERN
MICHIGAN UNIVERSITY
My favorite extracurricular activities were music related, and I continue to enjoy them, even though I selected a technical career. I play English handbells (a group effort) and the hammered dulcimer (by myself), and sing, and I do English and early American dancing. I did not think that a professional career in music was for me.
There are many more talented musicians than there are paying jobs available to support them. But the arts are an important part of life. Whatever you choose for a career, be sure to maintain some outside interests as well.

A:FROM MENTOR AMY MCMILLAN, NRC POSTDOCTORAL RESEARCH ASSOCIATE US EPA IN
CINCINNATI, OH
I was in drama, band, sports, and choir. I loved them all! None of them are directly involved in my career now but they made me a well-rounded person and gave me confidence and skills that I might not have otherwise gotten. Drama made me comfortable speaking in front of a crowd and consequently, a good public speaker and teacher. This is extremely valuable for a scientist (and many other careers).

A:FROM MENTOR ELLEN PICCIOLI, SENIOR MEMBER OF TECHNICAL STAFF AT COMPAQ
COMPUTER CORPORATION IN SHREWSBURY, MA
1) Team sports. I played field hockey and lacrosse throughout college, as well as other sports before college. I still play field hockey on a club team. I've often thought back and realized how much more I got out of playing the sport
than just playing field hockey. For example, some of the skills required to excel and be successful in a team sport include team work, leadership, communication, negotiation, planning (contingency and otherwise), motivation,
etc. These skills can be applied to many different careers and life experiences. 2) Theater Arts: Another area where you must quickly learn and use team skills and individual discipline.
**********
Q: WHAT ARE YOUR FAVORITE "EXTRACURRICULAR" ACTIVITIES RIGHT NOW? DO YOU THINK
IT IS POSSIBLE TO MAKE A CAREER OUT OF AN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY?

A: FROM MENTOR CASSIE FENOSEFF, DESIGN RELEASE ENGINEER AT GM NORTH AMERICA
Currently my extracurricular activities include just about everything- traveling, snowmobiling, cross country and downhill skiing, hiking, camping, piano, writing, reading, rollerblading, etc. I am always busy. I think that you can make a career (even a lucrative one) out of anything if you really wantto. I can think of high-paid people in all of the activities I listed above. You just have to be creative.
**********
Q: LINDA FUSELIER, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY IN LEXINGTON, KY
I've noticed that most mentees that ask questions about careers in life sciences are interested in medical-related fields. Are there any mentees out there that might be interested in other life science fields such as fisheries and wildlife biology, natural resources management, environmental consulting, museum curation, entomology, agriculture, etc? If so, how did you become interested in these fields? If you haven't thought of them, why not?

A: FROM MENTEE ABBE Y. IN REGION I
In response to LINDA FUSELIER's question, I think the reason most students interested in science often jump to the medical profession is because it is one they are very familiar with. Personally, I am also interested in this field. This year I am taking an honors chemistry course which I enjoy more than any of my other classes. What careers are there to pursue with this interest?
**********
NEW QUETIONS

Q: FROME MENTEE ASHLEY H. IN KS
What is the difference between a 2 year and a 4 year nursing program? Also, do you have to do special training if you want to be a nurse in a field such as neo-natal ICU or oncology?

Q: FROM MENTEE MELANIE T. IN KY
What is the ratio of men to woman in medical careers? How many types of doctors are there?

Q: FROM MENTEE HANNAH A. OF MN
I would like to start by saying this is such a great program for us girls who are planning in going into nontraditional fields of work for the female sex. My question concerns what career I would like to go into pretty soon, and
that'd be dentistry. So, if there are any female dentists out there, I would like to know what the college experience was like? Was there a lot of sexual harassment there and what were the classes like?
_______
END
=========================================================================
GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 19, 2001
**********
Q: WHAT ARE YOUR FAVORITE "EXTRACURRICULAR" ACTIVITIES RIGHT NOW? DO YOU THINK
IT IS POSSIBLE TO MAKE A CAREER OUT OF AN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY?

A: FROM MENTEE WHITNEY L. IN KS
My favorite extracurricular activities include cheerleading, swim team, and participating in KMSE(Kansas Medical Science Explorers-a club at my school). I enjoy cheerleading at my school as well as swimming on a team in the
summer, however I doubt either of these activities would be possible to make a career out of. Being a memeber of KMSE however plays a major roll in how I began to explore the medical field, which I plan to go into as my
profession. Since I have been in this club, I have learned a lot about being a doctor from actually shadowing them as well as speaking to many of them. Once a month we meet at the local hospital to listen to surgeons, nurses, therapists....I enjoy being in KMSE and plan to be a part of it throughout the rest of my high school career.
**********
Q: LINDA FUSELIER, UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY IN LEXINGTON, KY
I've noticed that most mentees that ask questions about careers in life sciences are interested in medical-related fields. Are there any mentees out there that might be interested in other life science fields such as fisheries and wildlife biology, natural resources management, environmental consulting, museum curation, entomology, agriculture, etc? If so, how did you become interested in these fields? If you haven't thought of them, why not?

A: FROM MENTEE ABBE Y. IN REGION I
In response to LINDA FUSELIER's question, I think the reason most students interested in science often jump to the medical profession is because it is one they are very familiar with. Personally, I am also interested in this field. This year I am taking an honors chemistry course which I enjoy more than any of my other classes. What careers are there to pursue with this interest?

RESPONSE FROM LINDA FUSELIER
Majoring in chemistry will give you many options within and outside of the medical sciences. I work with environmental toxicologists that were chemistry majors. These folks do things like determine whether fish have been exposed to heavy metals or other contaminants. They play an important role in deciding whether fish or seafood from particular places is suitable for human consumption. They also get to do some exciting field work like electroshocking for fish in large rivers and lakes.
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE AMANDA W. IN KY
I play trombone in the 8th grade band at my school. I was wondering if I should drop band next year and take an extra course that would help my career, or keep it just in case I don't go to the college I plan to. Should I drop it or not?

A: RESPONSE FROM DR. ESTHER PEARSON OF MASSACHUSETTS
You would be surprised at the number of colleges that look highly upon students that have participated in band and other activities that demonstrate well rounded students. I recently interviewed a number of women that are leaders in the science, engineering and technology areas. A majority of them indicated that they played instruments in high school or college. Also, there is research that music development is related to mathematics proficiency. So, rather than drop band, you should speak with both the band director and teachers of courses that would be taken instead of band to see what you could work out. You may be able to do both with some planning and adjustments in schedules.
**********
Q: FROME MENTEE ASHLEY H. IN KS
What is the difference between a 2 year and a 4 year nursing program? Also, do you have to do special training if you want to be a nurse in a field such as neo-natal ICU or oncology?
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE MELANIE T. IN KY
What is the ratio of men to woman in medical careers? How many types of doctors are there?
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE HANNAH A. OF MN
I would like to start by saying this is such a great program for us girls who are planning in going into nontraditional fields of work for the female sex. My question concerns what career I would like to go into pretty soon, and that'd be dentistry. So, if there are any female dentists out there, I would like to know what the college experience was like? Was there a lot of sexual harassment there and what were the classes like?
**********
NEW QUESTION

Q: FROM MENTEE Robyn S. in KS
Which schools in Kansas give 4-H scholarships?
_______
END
=========================================================================
GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 20, 2001
**********
Q: FROME MENTEE ASHLEY H. IN KS
What is the difference between a 2 year and a 4 year nursing program? Also, do you have to do special training if you want to be a nurse in a field such as neo-natal ICU or oncology?
A: RESPONSE FROM MENTOR WANDA BONNEL, SCHOOL OF NURSING, KU
Great question. A two year (associate degree) nurses program and a four year (baccalaureate) nurses program both prepare graduates to sit for the national Registered Nurse (RN) Exam. Graduates from both programs can work in a variety of clinical settings. Jobs involving professional nursing leadership roles and community health roles typically require the four year degree. A variety of specialty positions are open to all RNs. Nursing programs try to prepare
generalists with beginning skills in a variety of areas. Usually nurses take additional elective courses, continuing education courses, and on-the-job training programs to better prepare themselves for the specialty roles.
**********
Q: WHAT ARE YOUR FAVORITE "EXTRACURRICULAR" ACTIVITIES RIGHT NOW? DO YOU THINK
IT IS POSSIBLE TO MAKE A CAREER OUT OF AN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY?

A: FROM MENTEE AMANDA W. IN KY
My favorite exracurricular activities are track and horse back riding. Track helps me stay in shape, and horse back riding is what I want to teach. So, by learning from my instructors I get ideas on how I would teach my students.
RESPONSE TO LINDA,
Linda, I am interested in Horse Anatomy. I have been interested in horses since I was about three. Since then they've been my life!
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE MELANIE T. IN KY
What is the ratio of men to woman in medical careers? How many types of doctors are there?
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE HANNAH A. OF MN
I would like to start by saying this is such a great program for us girls who are planning in going into nontraditional fields of work for the female sex. My question concerns what career I would like to go into pretty soon, and that'd be dentistry. So, if there are any female dentists out there, I would like to know what the college experience was like? Was there a lot of sexual harassment there and what were the classes like?
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE ROBYN S. IN KS
Which schools in Kansas give 4-H scholarships?
**********
NEW QUESTION

Q: FROM MENTEE LIZ W. IN IL
Other than GPA, what do colleges look at on your application?
____
END
=========================================================================
GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 21, 2001
**********
Note: The GEM-SET Daily Digest is posted Monday through Friday, excluding holidays. There will be no digest on 12/24 or 12/25. The digest will resume on 12/26.
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE ROBYN S. IN KS
Which schools in Kansas give 4-H scholarships?

A: FROM MENTOR ANNALIESE BRATCHER, INFO TECH TRAINER, U.KENTUCKY
My colleagues at the 4-H program here at U.Ky told me that in each state's land grant college is charged with administering the 4-H scholarships. In Kansas, look to Kansas State University for the 4-H scholarship program. Kansas State's 4-H program has an unique offering for college women. There is an "Alpha of Clovia" house, "an independent scholarship house" for women who live in a cooperative setting, helping to cook meals and do housework. Members of the house pay only about $1,000 per semester. This includes rent and meals. Here is some contact information:
The Kansas 4-H Foundation
116 Umberger Hall
Kansas State University
Manhattan, KS 66506
(785) 532-5881
<http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/dp_4hfd>http://www.oznet.ksu.edu/dp_4hfd/
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE LIZ W. IN IL
Other than GPA, what do colleges look at on your application?

A: FROM MENTOR DR. ESTHER PEARSON IN MA
Colleges pay attention to the following non-GPA items:
1. Extracurricular activities of candidate
2. Community Service participation of candidate
3. Volunteer opportunity participation of candidate
4. Reference information content
5. Candidates essay information on application
6. Reason for wanting to attend specific college
7. Whether you are a relative of an Alumae/alumnus
8. Completeness and timeliness of application
9. SAT/ACT/PSAT scores
10. Candidates in-person interview rating for college readiness

A: FROM MENTOR JOAN LUSK, ASSOCIATE DEAN OF THE THE GRADUATE SCHOOL, BROWN
UNIVERSITY IN PROVIDENCE, RI
They read your essay, for content, for style, for organization, for good grammar and spelling. They look at SAT scores and letters of recommendations. Many colleges are not very selective, but admit most of those who apply. (Publications like Barron's tell you the odds.) The more selective ones are trying to put together a well-rounded class of students from different backgrounds, with different experiences and different interests. Some are looking for
specific potential majors, or talent for campus organizations like the band and orchestra, or theater; or signs of good character, like a pattern of community service. A single applicant can't possibly have done all possible admirable things - but some breadth of interest is usually attractive to admission committees. Colleges want students who not only can learn but can contribute to a good campus environment for all the other students. (and then there are the "legacies" who might make major donations to the endowment... but those people know who they are.)
**********
Q: WHAT ARE YOUR FAVORITE "EXTRACURRICULAR" ACTIVITIES RIGHT NOW? DO YOU THINK
IT IS POSSIBLE TO MAKE A CAREER OUT OF AN EXTRACURRICULAR ACTIVITY?

A: FROM MENTOR TERESA ESSER, WRITER, IN CAMBRIDGE, MA
My favorite extra-curricular activities right now are swimming, surfing the Internet, reading the newspaper, watching movies, and going to parties. You can absolutely make a career out of an extra-curricular
activity. It's often hard for me to tell where my work ends and my extra-curricular activities begin. For example, take movie-watching. During college I wrote movie reviews for the student newspaper. I spent college afternoons sitting in darkened theaters with professional movie critics. After graduating I could have applied for a job as a movie critic. One of my former colleagues at The Tech newspaper presently has a job reviewing theater and the arts for the Boston Globe. Another of my extra-curricular activities is going to parties. In college, I went to a lot of parties with scientists and engineers. After graduating I got a job talking with scientists and engineers and asking them where they planned to publish their research monographs. I think that extra-curricular activities like surfing the Internet and reading the newspaper are extremely important for professional people. It is important to understand what is going on in the world 1) so that they can talk to their colleagues; 2) so that they don't spend a lot of time applying for a grant from an organization that has gone bankrupt; and 3) so that they don't spend the next five years working
on a scientific breakthrough which has already been reported.
**********
QUESTIONS THAT STILL NEED RESPONSES

Q: FROM MENTEE MELANIE T. IN KY
What is the ratio of men to woman in medical careers? How many types of doctors are there?
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE HANNAH A. OF MN
I would like to start by saying this is such a great program for us girls who are planning in going into nontraditional fields of work for the female sex. My question concerns what career I would like to go into pretty soon, and that'd be dentistry. So, if there are any female dentists out there, I would like to know what the college experience was like? Was there a lot of sexual harassment there and what were the classes like?
____
END
=========================================================================
GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 26, 2001
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE HANNAH A. OF MN
If there are any female dentists out there, I would like to know what the college experience was like? Was there alot of sexual harassment there and what were the classes like?

A: FROM MARGO AUXTER, RADIATION THERAPIST IN TULSA, OK
I passed your question about Dentistry on to a friend of mine and this is what she wrote:
I have been a Dentist for 17 years, attending the University of Oklahoma College of Dentistry at the Health Sciences Center in Oklahoma City from 1980 -84. The classes were very challenging because you had to balance the academic portion along with the lab work, which was very time consuming. Organization was a key factor through those four years! I did not encounter any sexual harassment, but some of the female instructors (oddly enough)
were strict with the female students and demanded more of them in clinic and in lab. However, this was just my personal experience, and in no way may reflect the norm at Dental School today. Our class became a close-knit group during those four years and I'll always have great memories from that time in my life. In fact, I met my husband in Dental School (he was a fellow classmate) and we married after graduation. Good luck!
Sincerely, Kathleen S. Cannon D.D.S.
**********
NEW QUESTIONS

Q: FROM MENTEE AMANDA H. IN REGION IV
What is the biggest difference between being a nurse and being a doctor?

Q: FROM MODERATORS TO GEM-SET MENTORS THAT ARE ENGINEERS
We have over a dozen types of engineers in the GEM-SET mentoring program. How did you decide on your engineering specialty? What makes your specialty more interesting than the others?
____
END
=========================================================================
GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 27, 2001
**********
Q: FROM MODERATORS TO GEM-SET MENTORS THAT ARE ENGINEERS
We have over a dozen types of engineers in the GEM-SET mentoring program. How did you decide on your engineering specialty? What makes your specialty more interesting than the others?

A: FROM MENTOR DANELL OLIVER-COLLINS, RETAIL INDUSTRIAL DESIGNER AT HALLMARK
CARDS, INC. IN KANSAS CITY, MO
I decided to become a Plastics Engineer through my love of chemistry and math. Plastic is a polymer that can change shape, size and consistency easily. Silly Putty is a type of plastic and it is a lot of fun. If you look around you I'll bet you'll see plastic in everything. I also wanted to be apart of the newest technology out there and plastic is new. It can replace most every material out there and is always changing. It never gets boring.

A: FROM MENTOR DR. ESTHER PEARSON FROM MASSACHUSETTS
I decided on Electrical Engineering as an engineering specialty. I made this choice because I was interested in how electrical energy could be converted into useful products to improve and enhance our everyday lives. This conversion was made complete by the interactions of electrical engineering and electronic engineering. As a child, I watched my father fix things around the house that were electrical, and thought this is something I would like to be able to do. I wanted to wire electrical outlets, install electrical cords on lamps and other products, and fix the television, radio, etc. This seemed so exciting to me, especially when I caught a glimpse of all the colorful and different components (resistors, capacitors, diodes, power supplies)inside the devices. My father would say, 'why buy a new one, when I can fix the old one. We can save the money or spend it on something else'. This statement allowed me to see how electrical and electronics engineering could provide a higher standard of living and better life.

A: FROM MENTOR NANCY VANDLING, ASSISTANT PROGRAM MANAGER, ENGINEERING AND
CONSTRUCTION DIVISION, PORT AUTHORITY OF ALLEGHENY COUNTY IN PITTSBURGH, PA
The types of engineering are evolving every day with the advancement of new technology and each engineering field has many specialties. Here is a partial list (other mentors may think of some more): Aerospace,
Agricultural, Architectural, Biomedical, Chemical, Civil, Communications, Computer Science, Construction, Electrical, Environmental, Forensic, Geotechnical/Soils, Industrial/Manufacturing, Materials, Mechanical,
Metallurgical, Mining, Nuclear, Petroleum/Gas, and Structural. My chosen engineering field is Civil, specializing in transportation (highways, airports, mass transit, railroads, site development, etc.). It was a toss up between architectural and civil engineering. However, I decided on Civil for several reasons - as a child, I was fascinated with seeing the construction of the highway interstate system in northeastern Pennsylvania near my home; finding out what types of engineering existed and eliminating ones that did not appeal to me, such as I hated anything electrical, I was terrified of going in a mine, etc.; comparing what I liked to do to the different types of engineering, such as I loved the outdoors and didn't want to be confined inside a building, I loved to travel and was fascinated with how to get from one place to another, and seeing big projects constructed; I felt that Civil Engineering had a variety of specialties and was a very broad field, covered many aspects. Basic Civil Engineering involves
geotechnical (soils and rocks), structures/bridges, transportation systems, site systems (such as stormwater, sanitary, other wastes, and utilities), surveying/mapping, environmental preservation, construction, and construction materials (steel, concrete, wood, asphalt, etc). After taking basic engineering courses in college, I decided to specialize in
transportation, mainly due to a very good professor that I had. Every part of your life is touched by an engineer - your home, your school, heating/air conditioning, electricity, the vehicle (car, bike, bus, railcar) or method (airports, subways, roads, railroads) you use getting to and from a place, using a computer or telephone or watching TV, the food you eat that was processed in an industrial plant and grown on a farm, and any item you use in a day is made of different materials. If you want to know more about engineering or a particular field, I suggest the following: a) find someone near you who is an engineer and spend time with them - your family member, a friend's relative, a member of your church or an organization that you attend, ask your school teacher/counselor if they could bring someone in to give a presentation at your school, you and your parents could look in the telephone book under professional organizations for engineering societies such as Society of Professional Engineers and ask them if they give
presentations to students or could send you information, and have guest speakers or field trips at organizations you attend, such as scouts, YWCA, and groups at school; and b) learn about engineering - visit a library for information, ask you teacher or guidance counselor, look on websites, and check out colleges and universities. ENGINEERING IS GREAT - Please consider entering the engineering field or if you don't want to be an engineer consider other related professions, such as surveyors, mapping/photogrammetry, lab/material testing technicians, construction
inspectors, archaeologists, geologists, and drafting/designing technicians.

A: FROM LORI PETERSON, SENIOR ENGINEER AT WISCONSIN ELECTRIC-WISCONSIN GAS IN
MILWAUKEE, WI
I returned to college after getting a history degree and working for a while at clerical and secretarial jobs. I applied for a co-op position through college after my second semester of engineering school, and the job I was offered was for a mechanical engineering student. At that time, I was somewhat interested in electrical engineering as well, which was the field my father, husband and father-in-law were in. So I took the co-op position, because I wanted to be sure that I would enjoy this type of work as a career, and I've enjoyed mechanical engineering ever since. I'm not sure mechanical engineering is more interesting than other fields, but I enjoy it. I have pursued lots of on-the-job and short course additional training. I monitor equipment and plan for maintenance work, keep within a budget for labor and equipment, and talk, talk, talk to people to determine how equipment is working and what can be improved. The power plant is a largely male population, which is an additional challenge.
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE MELANIE T. IN KY
What is the ratio of men to woman in medical careers? How many types of doctors are there?

A: FROM MENTOR DESIREE BUTTER, M.D. IN PITSBURGH, PA
There is a New England Journal of Medicine article which talks about the changing role of women in medicine and lists male to female ratios for all medical specialties as well as individual specialties:
<http://www.nejm.org/careerlinks/CareerE.asp>http://www.nejm.org/careerlinks/CareerE.asp
There is a fairly comprehensive list of medical specialties and their definitions as defined by the american medical association at: <http://www.mmslists.com/s1_phy_spec_def.html>http://www.mmslists.com/s1_phy_spec_def.html
**********
Q: FROM MENTEE AMANDA H. IN REGION IV
What is the biggest difference between being a nurse and being a doctor?

A: FROM MENTOR JOAN LUSK, ASSOCIATE DEAN, GRADUATE SCHOOL AT BROWN UNIVERSITY
IN PROVIDENCE, RI
Not being either, I should hold my peace - but if you can accept a flippant answer: it used to be that nurses were women and doctors were men. No longer! Doctors have longer training, therefore deeper technical knowledge,
therefore more responsibility. Doctors diagnose what the medical problem is and decide how to treat it. They give the orders that nurses carry out, administering medicine, monitoring patient's progress. Nurses in a hospital will see the same patient far more often than doctors do. Part of the reason they take temperatures and pulses so often is that it gives them a reason to monitor how the patient is doing on all levels, an occasion to talk to the patient and find out how she's feeling. Doctors may specialize in particular organs (heart specialists, urologists) or diseases (oncologists, endocrinologists, psychiatrists) or kinds of patients (pediatricians, gerontologists, gynecologists) or kinds of procedure (surgeons, radiologists, emergency medicine). Nurses can specialize too - intensive care, neonatal care, in a doctor's office or in a hospital, as assistants to doctors in any particular specialty. Both doctors and nurses work long hours. In some specialties (like radiology) they are more capable of controlling their work schedules than in other specialties (like obstetrics). Nurses at Rhode Island Hospital have gone on strike over mandatory overtime, saying that they can't deliver good care when they have worked too long to think straight. Medical residents (new doctors training in hospitals) have made the same argument. My guess is that a nurse in a doctor's office would have more restricted working hours than nurses in hospitals. Doctors' long training is an expensive investment, but so far most are quite well paid when they do begin work Whether pressure to control the cost of medical care will lower doctors' income is yet to be seen. Nurses are not nearly so well paid. I think the main factors to consider are the level of education required and the degree of independence and responsibility you want in your career. Happy New Year!
**********
NEW QUESTIONS
**********
FROM MENTEE CATE A.
To anyone who works in technical theatre: What kind schooling did you have and what high school classes would be
beneficial for me to take if I'm interested in lighting design?
____
END
=========================================================================
GEM-SET Daily Digest for December 28, 2001
Note: There will be no daily digest on New Year's Eve and New Year's Day. The
digest will resume on January 2, 2002.
**********
Q: FROM MODERATORS TO GEM-SET MENTORS THAT ARE ENGINEERS
We have over a dozen types of engineers in the GEM-SET mentoring program. How did you decide on your engineering specialty? What makes your specialty more interesting than the others?

A: FROM MENTOR MARY JO MULLEN AT PATRICK ENGINEERING
I decided to be an engineer when I was in high school, because I really enjoyed math and science, especially physics. I chose civil engineering because I've always been interested in environmental issues. There are a lot of sub categories within civil engineering, I am a water resource engineer. I deal with stormwater detention requirements for new construction sites, water quality impacts to lakes & streams, predicting the floodplain elevation for rivers. I've always been drawn to the environmental impacts that man has on nature. My job allows me to try to lessen the negative impacts. For example, stormwater detention ponds restrict the amount of water being discharged downstream, which lowers the peak elevation of the river or stream downstream. Other engineering practices reduce the amount of chemicals or sediment that is discharged to rivers and streams. I also enjoy seeing what I design get built. I like the fact that when I am done with a project, there almost always is something tangible that I can point to and say, "I designed that." Even if it is something as simple as a park, pond or parking lot, I always liked the idea that I would see my design built, and I could drive by it everyday if I wanted to.
**********
FROM MENTEE CATE A.
To anyone who works in technical theatre: What kind schooling did you have and what high school classes would be
beneficial for me to take if I'm interested in lighting design?

A: FROM MENTOR JOAN LUSK, ASSOCIATE DEAN, GRADUATE SCHOOL, BROWN UNIVERSITY IN
PROVIDENCE, RI
The time frame of this Q&A system doesn't allow me to wait until I could ask people in theater --- Brown and Trinity Repertory Theater have started a new Master of Fine Arts in acting or directing, and we expect shortly that the Rhode Island School of Design and Rhode Island College will join with master's programs in costume, set
design, lighting and technical production. I understand that RIC has a good program in the technical side of theater already - you should look locally for what colleges have to offer; if they are putting on productions somebody is lighting them. It's often possible for high school students to take a course at a local college, especially community colleges. Our MFA programs will be well beyond the high school level, of course. While you're still in school, you can get involved in school productions or local theater companies as a volunteer and learn from practical experience. On the theoretical side - color theory ought to be applicable, and you might find that taught as part of an art program. A search on "color theory" in amazon.com turned up lots of books, and "theater lighting" turned up some interesting ones too.
**********
NEW QUESTIONS

Q: FROM MENTEE LEEANN M. IN KY
In your opinion, does playing sports in high school have any affect on a women's career?

Q: FROM MENTEE STEPHANIE H. IN CT
For any mentors in the field of medicine, at which point in your lives did you first become interested in your career option and also when did you decide for sure that you would be pursuing that career? (middle school, high school, college?) I'd be interested to know, because I'm a sophomore in high school and I'm pretty sure medicine is a field I would like to get into.

Q: FROM MENTEE ALLIE IN KY
What classes are beneficial for me in high school, since I want to be a
nurse.
____
END

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