OUTLINE OF ART SAFETY: HAZARDS AND PRECAUTIONS





Part I. Hazards



Risk factors



1. Amount of exposure

2. Length and frequency of exposure

3. Exposure conditions

4. Toxicity

5. Total Body Burden

6. Multiple exposures

7. High risk groups



High Risk Groups



1. Children

2. Disabled

3. Smokers

4. Heavy drinkers

5. People taking medications

6. Elderly



Examples of High Risk Disabilities



1. Hearing impairment                    

2. Epilepsy                            

3. Emotional disturbance            

4. Physical impairment           

5. Asthma and other allergies

6. Other health impairments





Routes of Entry



1. Skin contact and absorption

2. Inhalation

3. Ingestion

4. Injection



Types of Diseases



1. Acute    

2. Chronic









Skin Diseases



1. Irritant dermatitis

2. Allergic dermatitis

3. Skin cancer



Eye Diseases



1. Conjunctivitis

2. Corneal damage

3. Cataracts

4. Blindness



Acute Respiratory Diseases



1. Chemical pneumonia (pulmonary edema)

2. Acute bronchitis

3. Acute asthma and "hay fever"

4. Hypersensitivity pneumonia

5. Metal fume fever



Chronic Respiratory Diseases



1. Chronic bronchitis and emphysema

2. Pulmonary fibrosis: silicosis, asbestosis

3. Respiratory cancer



Heart and Circulatory System Diseases



1. Heart muscle damage

2. Arrhythmias

3. Anemias and bone marrow damage



Kidney and Bladder Diseases



1. Heat stress

2. Chemical damage to kidneys

3. Bladder cancer



Liver Diseases



1. Hepatitis

2. Liver cancer



Nervous System Diseases



1. Narcosis

2. Encephalopathy - brain damage

3. Oxygen starvation

4. Nervous system and heavy metals

5. Peripheral neuropathy and solvents







Reproductive System Damage



1. Prior to pregnancy - effects on fertility

2. During pregnancy   - miscarriages and birth defects

3. After pregnancy    - breast-feeding and infants



Precautions



1. Know your materials

2. Substitution

3. Ventilation

4. Storage and Handling  

5. Personal Protective Equipment

6. Medical check-ups



Know Your Materials



1. Labels

2. Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs)

3. Other references



Substitution



1. Use least toxic chemical or process

2. Use water-based instead of solvent-based

3. Avoid carcinogens

4. Using substitutes



Ventilation



1. What is adequate ventilation?

2. Dilution ventilation

3. Local exhaust ventilation



Local Exhaust Ventilation



1. Hoods

2. Ducts

3. Fans

4. Air cleaners



Rules for Good Ventilation



1. Use local exhaust

2. Provide make-up air

3. Directed flow of air

4. Enclose process

5. 100% exhaust to outside

6. Location of air intakes

7. Maintenance











Storage and Handling



1. Safe storage

2. Fire prevention

3. Handling of chemicals

4. Work practices and hygiene

5. Housekeeping

6. Spill control

7. Waste disposal



Safe Storage



1. Small quantities

2. Type and location of containers

3. Labels

4. Chemical incompatability



Fire Prevention



1. Sources of ignition 

2. Flammable storage cabinets

3. Safety cans

4. Waste disposal cans

5. Solvent waste cans





Fire Extinguishers



1. Correct type 

2. Location 

3. Training in use

4. Fire emergency procedures





Handling of Chemicals



1. Cover containers

2. Use glove box

3. Transfer powders carefully

4. Pour liquids carefully



Work Practices and Hygiene



1. No smoking, eating or drinking in work area

2. Wear separate work clothes

3. Eyewash fountains

4. Emergency showers

5. Wash-up



Housekeeping



1. Do not sweep

2. Wet mopping

3. Vacuum cleaners





Large Spills of Flammable Liquids



1. Shut off open flames

2. Call fire department

3. Shut off power from outside 

4. Open windows

5. Evacuate room and building

6. Clean up spill with SCBA 



Waste Disposal



1. Waste disposal companies

2. Do not pour solvents down sink

3. Aqueous liquids and sinks

4. Other sources of help



Personal Protective Equipment



1. Gloves

2. Face and Eye protection

3. Hearing protection

4. Protective clothing

5. Respirators



Respiratory Equipment



1. Last resort

2. Types of respirators

3. NIOSH approval

4. Cartridges and filters

4. Fit testing

5. Limitations

6. Cleaning and maintenance

7. Medical limitations



Medical Checkups 



1. What to tell your doctor

2. Type of doctor

3. Medical referrals



Medical Tests



1. Blood lead tests

2. Other chemical tests

3. Lung function tests and chest x-rays

4. Other tests