REFERENCE & SOURCE LIST

References for U.S. Emissions Inventory | References for Canadian Emissions Inventory | References for Health Effects | Useful Links

References for Health Effects of PCBs

Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR): Public Health Statement for Polychlorinated Biphenyls: 2000, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/toxprofiles/phs17.html.

ATSDR and U.S. EPA, Johnson, B. L., Hicks, H. E. , Cibulas, W., Faroon, O. A., Ashizawa, A. E., De Rosa, C. T., Cogliano, V. J., Clark, M. Public Health Implications of Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs), Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry: undated, post-1997, www.atsdr.cdc.gov/DT/pcb007.html.

Barber, Craig, PhD., US EPA National Exposure Research Laboratory (NERL), Athens, Georgia, 2002a. Personal Communication, March 12, 2002.

Barber, Craig, PhD., US EPA NERL, Athens, Georgia, 2002b. Personal Communication, April 15, 2002.

Barber, Craig, PhD., US EPA NERL, Athens, Georgia, 2002c. Personal Communication, May 16, 2002.

Barber, Craig; Suarez, Luis A.; and Lassiter, Ray R.: Modelling bioaccumulation of organic pollutants in fish with an application to PCBs in Lake Ontario Salmonids. Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci., Vol. 48, 318-337: 1991.

Berthouex, P. M., and Brown, L. C.: Statistics for Environmental Engineers. Lewis Publishers, A CRC Press Company, pp. 132-134. Boca Raton, London, New York, Washington, D.C., 2002.

Bremle, G., and Larsson, P.: PCB concentration in fish in a river system after remediation of contaminated sediment. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32:3491-3495, 1998.

Campfens, I., and Mackay, D.: Fugacity-based model of PCB bioaccumulation in complex aquatic food webs. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 577-583, 1997.

Chiarenzelli, J.R.; Scrudato, R. J.; Wunderlich, M. L.; Oenga, G. N.; Lashko, O.P: PCB volatile loss and the moisture content of sediment during drying. Chemosphere. Vol. 34. No. 11: 2429-2436, 1997.

Clark, K. E.; Gobas, F. A. P. C.; and Mackay, D: Model of organic chemical uptake and clearance by fish from food and water. Environ. Sci. Technol. 24:1202-1213, 1990.

DeVault, D. S.; Hesselberg, R., Rodgers, P. W., Feist, T. J.: Contaminant trends in lake trout and walleye from the Laurentian Great Lakes. J. Great Lakes Res. 22(4): 884-895, 1996.

DeVoto, E. MSPH, Fiore, B. J., MS, Millikan, R., DM, PhD, Anderson, H. A., MD, Sheldon, L., PhD, Sonzogni, W. C., PhD, Longnecker, M. P., MD, ScD: Correlations among human blood levels of specific PCB congeners and implications for epidemiologic studies. American Journal of Industrial Medicine. 32:606-613, 1997.

DiPinto, L. M., and Coull, B. C., 1997. Trophic transfer of sediment-associated polychlorinated biphenyls from meiobenthos to bottom-feeding fish. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Vol. 16, No. 12: 2568-2575, 1997.
Epplett, T. D., Gewurtz, S., Lazar, R., and Haffner, D. G.: Seasonal dynamics of PCBs in the plankton of Lake Erie. J. Great Lakes Res. 26(1):65-73, 2000.

Erdal, Serap: Fish Intake Health Risks for the Chicago Region, Proposal to US Environmental Protection Agency, 2001.

Erdal, Serap: Explanation of Definitions of Permissible Exposure Limit and Threshold Exposure Limit, Personal Communication, 2002.

Falk, C., Hanrahan, L., Anderson, H. A., Kanarek, M. S., Draheim, L., Needham, L., Patterson, D., Jr., Great Lakes Consortium: Body burden levels of dioxins, furans, and PCBs among frequent consumers of Great Lakes sport fish. Environmental Research, Section A-80: S19-S25, 1999.

Francis, James: Personal Communication with Mr. James Francis, Fisheries Biologist, Michigan Department of Natural Resources, March 13, 2002.

Gevao, Bondi; Hmailton-Taylor, John; Murdoch, Chris; Jones, Kevin C.; Kelly, Mike; Tabner, Brian J., 1997. Depositional time trends and remobilization of PCBs in lake sediments. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 3274-3280, 1997.

Gilbert, Richard O., 1987a. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring, Van Nostrand Reinhold, pp. 177-178. New York.

Gilbert, Richard O., 1987b.: Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 168. New York.

Gilbert, Richard O., 1987c: Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 170. New York.

Gilbert, Richard O., 1987d. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 140. New York.

Gilbert, Richard O. 1987e. Statistical Methods for Environmental Pollution Monitoring, Van Nostrand Reinhold, p. 255. New York.

Gobas, F. A. P. C., Wilcockson, J. B., Russell, R. W., Haffner, G. D.: Mechanism of biomagnification under laboratory and field conditions. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33:133-141, 1987.

Great Lakes Center for Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health, University of Illinois School of Public Health (GLC): Great Lakes Human Health Studies: Neurobehavioral Effects, Health Effects Review. International Joint Commission, Volume 2 Issue 3, April-June: 1997.

Great Lakes Center for Occupational and Environmental Safety and Health, University of Illinois School of Public Health (GLC): Joyce Foundation Funded Report: Development of a Multi-Media Emissions Inventory of PCBs in the Great Lakes Basin. Great Lakes Center, University of Illinois at Chicago, In Preparation, 2002.

Hanrahan, L.P., Falk, C., and H.A. Anderson, et al.: Serum PCB and DDE Levels of Frequent Great Lakes Sport Fish Consumers - A First Look. Environmental Research. 80, 2:26-37, 1999.

He, J-P., Stein, A. D., Humphrey, H. E. B., Paneth, N., Courval, J. M.: Time trends in sport-caught Great Lakes fish consumption and serum Polychlorinated Biphenyl levels among Michigan anglers, 1973-1993. Environ. Sci. Technol., 35(3): 435-440, 2001.

Helsel, Dennis R., US Geological Survey: Less than obvious, statistical treatment of data below the detection limit. Environ. Sci. Technol., Vol. 24, No. 12:1767-1774, 1990.

Henry, Tiernan, UW Sea Grant Water Quality Specialist: Airborne contaminants and the Great Lakes. Great Lakes Online, Wisconsin Sea Grant Publications, p. 1, www.seagrants.wisc.edu.

Hicks, H.E., Cibulas, W., De Rosa, C. T.: Preliminary findings from ATSDR Great Lakes human health effects research program. Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, Atlanta, Georgia, USA, Poster Session P4F140: undated.

Hovinga, M. E., Sowers, MF., Humphrey, H. E. B.: Historical changes in serum PCB and DDT levels in an environmentally-exposed cohort. Arch. Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 22: 362-366, 1992.

Humphrey, H. E. B., Gardiner, J. C., Pandya, J. R., Sweeney, A. M., Gasior, D. M., McCaffrey, R. J., Schantz, S. L.: PCB congener profile is the serum of humans consuming Great Lakes fish. Environmental Health Perspectives. 108 (2):167-172, 2000.

Hwang, Byung-Gi; Jun, Kwan-Soo; Lee, Young-Dae; Lung, Wu-Seng: Importance of DOC in sediments for contaminant transport modelling. Wat. Sci. Tech. Vol. 38, No. 11:193-199, 1998.

Johnson, B.L., Hicks, H.E., Cibulas, W., Faroon, O., et al.: Public Health Implications of Exposure to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs). Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry, undated (post-1998 per review of references).

Kannan, K., Kober, J. L., Kang, Y-S., Masunaga, S., Nakanishi, J., Ostaszewski, A., Giesy, J. P.: Polychlorinated napthalenes, biphenyls, dibenzo-p-dioxins, and dibenzofurans as well as polychyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and alkylphenols in sediment from the Detroit and Rouge Rivers, Michigan, USA. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, Vol. 20. No. 9: 1878-1889, 2001.

Konat, J., and Kowalewska, G.: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in sediments of the Southern Baltic Sea - trends and fate, The Science of the Total Environment. Volume 280, Issues 1-3:1-15, 2001.

Kosatsky, T., Przybysz, R., Shatenstein, B., Weber, J-P., Armstrong, B.: Fish consumption and contaminant exposure among Montreal-area sportfishers: pilot study, Environmental Research Section A 80: S150-S158, 1999.

Lake Erie Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP): Executive Summary, Section 1, 2001a. www.epa.gov/glnpo/lakeerie/lamp2000/Section1.pdf. (.pdf file)

Lake Erie Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP): Overview, Section 2, 2001b.
www.epa.gov/glnpo/lakeerie/lamp2000/Section2.pdf. (.pdf file)

Lake Erie Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP): Appendix A, Remedial Action Plan Summaries, 2001c. www.epa.gov/glnpo/lakeerielamp2000/AppendixA.pdf. (.pdf file)

Lake Erie Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP): Sources and Loads, Section 4, 2001d. www.epa.gov/glnpo/lakeerie/lamp2000/Section4.pdf. (.pdf file)

Lake Michigan Lakewide Management Plan (LaMP): Appendix C: Human Health, p. 28, 2000. http://www.epa.gov/glnpo/lakemich/index.html.

Madenjian, C. P., Hesselberg, R. J., Descorcie, T. J., Schmidt, L. J., Stedman, R. M., Quintal, R. T., Begnoche, L. J., Passino-Reader, D. R.: Estimate of net trophic transfer of PCBs to Lake Michigan lake trout from their prey. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32:886-891, 1998.

Madenjian, C. P., Elliott, R. F., Schmidt, L. J., Desorcie, T. J., Hesselberg. R. J., Quintal, R. T., Begnoche, L. J., Boucard, P. M., Holey, M. E.: Net trophic transfer efficiency of PCBs to Lake Michigan coho salmon from their prey. Environ. Sci. Technol. 32:3063-3067, 1998.

Madenjian, C. P., Schmidt, L. J., Chernyak, S. M., Elliott, R. F., Desorcie, T. J., Quintal, R. T., Begnoche, L. J., Hesselberg, R. J.: Variation in net trophic transfer efficiencies among 21 PCB congeners. Environ. Sci. Technol. 33:3768-3773, 1999.

Metcalfe, Tracy L.; Metcalfe, Chris D.; Bennett, Erin R.; Haffner, Douglas G.: Distribution of toxic organic contaminants in water and sediments in the Detroit River, J. Great Lakes Res. 26(1):55-64, 2000.

MDEQ, 2002. Raw Fish Tissue Data, Michigan Department of Environmental Quality, received December 12, 2001.

Michigan Department of Natural Resources (MDNR), Lockwood, Roger N.: Sportfishing Angler Surveys on Michigan Inland Waters, 1993-99, Fisheries Technical Report 2000-3, Michigan Department of Natural Resources Institute for Fisheries Research, Ann Arbor, MI, 2000.

Michigan: Michigan Fish Advisory, 2002.
www.michigan.gov/mdch/1,1607,7-132-2944_5327-13110--00.html.

Morrison, Heather A.; Gobas, Frank A. P. C.; Lazar, Rodica; Whittle, Michael D.; Haffner, Douglas G.: Development and verification of a benthic/pelagic food web bioaccumulation model for PCB congeners in western Lake Erie. Environ. Sci. Technol. 31: 3267-3273, 1997.

Myers, Donna N.; Thomas, Mary Ann; Frey, Jeffrey W.; Rheaume, Stephen J.; Button, Daniel T. (USGS 2000): Water Quality in the Lake Erie-Lake St. Clair Drainages, Michigan, Ohio, Indiana, New York, and Pennslyvania, 1996-98. USGS Survey Circular 1203, pp. 1-3, 2000.

Rasul, et.al.: Sedimentary environment of Western Lake Erie: geologic setting, sediment distribution and anthropogenic effects. In: State of Lake Erie Past, Present and Future, eds. Munwar et al., pp. 57-74. Backhuys Publishers, Leiden, The Netherlands, 1999.

Register of Ecological Models (REM), 2001. FGETS, Food and gill exchange of toxic substances, February 2001.
www.wiz.uni-kassel.de/model_db/mdb/fgets.html.

Rheaume, S.J., Button, D.T., Myers, D.N., and Hubbell, D.L. (USGS 2001a): Areal Distribution and Concentrations of Contaminants of Concern in Surficial Streambed and Lakebed Sediments, Lake Erie-Lake Saint Clair Drainages, 1990-97, Water Resources Investigations Report 00-4200, USGS, pp. 9-10, 2001a.

Rheaume, S.J., Button, D.T., Myers, D.N., and Hubbell, D.L. (USGS 2001b): Areal Distribution and Concentrations of Contaminants of Concern in Surficial Streambed and Lakebed Sediments, Lake Erie-Lake Saint Clair Drainages, 1990-97, Water Resources Investigations Report 00-4200, USGS, p 18, 2001b.

Rheaume, S.J., Button, D.T., Myers, D.N., and Hubbell, D.L. (USGS 2001c): Areal Distribution and Concentrations of Contaminants of Concern in Surficial Streambed and Lakebed Sediments, Lake Erie-Lake Saint Clair Drainages, 1990-97, Water Resources Investigations Report 00-4200, USGS, pp. 5-7, 2001c.

Rowan. D. J., and Rasmussen, J. B.: Why don't Great Lakes fish reflect environmental concentrations of organic contaminants?-An analysis of between-lake variability in the ecological partitioning of PCBs and DDT. J. Great Lakes Res. 18(4):724-741, 1992.

Russell, R. W., Gobas, F. A. P. C., Haffner, G. D.: Role of chemical and ecological factors in trophic transfer of organic chemicals in aquatic food webs. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry. Vol. 18, No. 6:1250-1257, 1999.

Schantz, Susan; Gardiner, Joseph C.; Gasior, Donna M.; Sweeney, Anne M.; Humphrey, Harold E.; McCaffrey, Robert J.: Motor Function in Aging Great Lakes Fisheaters. Environmental Research Section A. 80:S46-S56, 1999.

Scheff, Peter, PhD. 2002, Discussion of Statistical Methods, Personal Communication, January 16, 2002.

Steinberg, Laura J.; Reckhow, Kenneth H.; Wolpert, Robert L.: Characterization of parameters in mechanistic models: A case study of a PCB fate and transport model. Ecological Modelling:45-46, 1997.

Trent University (Trent U): Fugacity Models, 2002a. www.trentu.ca/academic/aminss/envmodel.

Trent U: Bioaccumulation Fish Model, 2002b. www.trentu.ca/academic/aminss/envmodel.

Trent U: Foodweb Model, 2002c. www.trentu.ca/academic/aminss/envmodel.

US EPA: Supplemental Guidance to RAGS: Calculating the Concentration Term, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Solid Waste and Emergency Response, PB92-963373. Volume 1, Number 1, 1992.

US EPA: Bioaccumulation Summary, 1994. www.epa.gov/waterscience/cs/biotesting/bioappend.pdf. (.pdf file)

U.S. EPA Region 2: Preliminary Model Calibration Report Executive Summary, October 1996, Updated April, 2002, US Environmental Protection Agency, Hudson River PCBs, Accessed by:
www.epa.gov/hudson/pmcr-3exsum.htm.

US EPA: Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5305W), EPA 530-D-98-001B. Volume Two, Appendix A. Peer Review Draft, pp. (A-3-31) - (A3-37), 1998a.

US EPA: Human Health Risk Assessment Protocol for Hazardous Waste Combustion Facilities, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Solid Waste and Emergency Response (5305W), EPA 530-D-98-001A. Volume One. Peer Review Draft, pp.(5-85) - (5-88), 1998b.

US EPA: Great Lakes Ecosystem Report to Congress, EPA-9050R-01-001, Executive Summary, p. 1, 2000a, accessed by: www.epa.gov/glnpo/rptcong/2001/execsum.html.

US EPA: Persistent Bioaccumulative and Toxic (PBT) Chemical Initiative, Prioirty PBTs: Polychlorinated Biphenyls, Unites States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Pollution Preventionand Toxics, p. 1: 2000b.

US EPA: Bioaccumulation Testing and Interpretation For The Purpose of Sediment Quality Assessment, Status and Needs, United States Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Water (4305), Office of Solid Waste (5307W), EPA-823-R-00-001, February, pp. ix - 10, 2000c.

US EPA: Modeling Framework Design, Modeling Study of PCB Contamination in the Housatonic River, "PCB Classification and Physicochemical Properties," United States Environmental Protection Agency, US Army Corps of Engineers, Weston, DCN: GE-100500-AADX, Section 1, Section 4: 2000d.

U.S. EPA: AQUATOX for Windows, A Modular Fate and Effects Model for Aquatic Ecosystems, Release 1, Volume 1: User's Manual, U.S. EPA, Office of Water, Office of Science and Technology, Washington DC 20460, Appendix D-1, September, 2000e.

U.S. EPA, Region 2; Hudson River PCBs, Executive Summary, Revised Baseline Modeling Report, EPA Region 2, 1-2: 2000f, www.epa.gov/hudson/rbmr-exsum.htm

U.S. EPA Region 2: Phase 2 Report-Review Copy, Further Site Characterization and Analysis, Volume 2D-Revised Baseline Modeling Report, Hudson River PCBs Reassessment RI/FS. US Environmental Protection Agency, Region 2 and US Army Corps of Engineers Kansis City District, Volume 2D-Book 3 of 4, Bioaccumulation Models, TAMS Consultants, Inc., Limno-Tech, Inc., Tetra Tech, Inc., 2000g.

U.S. EPA Region 9: Preliminary Remediation Goals, 2000h,
www.epa.gov/Region9.waste/sfund/prg/index.htm.

US EPA, Storage and Retrieval (STORET) System. EPA Office of Water, 2002b, www.epa.gov/STORET.

Valsaraj, K. T.; Choy, B.; Ravikrishna, R.; Reible, D. D.; Thibodeaux, L. J.; Price, C. B.; Brannon, J. M.; Myers, T. E.: Air emissions from exposed, contaminated sediments and dredged materials 1. Experimental data in laboratory microcosms and mathematical modelling, Journal of Hazardous Materials. 54:65-87, 1996.